# Glossary of Terms # Appendix B: Wire Gauge & Material Tables Complete reference tables for wire properties used in VIC choke design. All values at 20°C (68°F) unless noted. ## AWG Wire Gauge Reference

AWG	Diameter (mm)	Diameter (in)	Area (mm²)	Area (kcmil)	Cu Ω/1000ft	Cu Ω/km
10	2.588	0.1019	5.261	10.38	0.9989	3.277
12	2.053	0.0808	3.309	6.530	1.588	5.211
14	1.628	0.0641	2.081	4.107	2.525	8.286
16	1.291	0.0508	1.309	2.583	4.016	13.17
18	1.024	0.0403	0.823	1.624	6.385	20.95
20	0.812	0.0320	0.518	1.022	10.15	33.31
22	0.644	0.0253	0.326	0.642	16.14	52.96
24	0.511	0.0201	0.205	0.404	25.67	84.22
26	0.405	0.0159	0.129	0.254	40.81	133.9
28	0.321	0.0126	0.081	0.160	64.90	212.9
30	0.255	0.0100	0.051	0.101	103.2	338.6
32	0.202	0.0080	0.032	0.063	164.1	538.3
34	0.160	0.0063	0.020	0.040	260.9	856.0
36	0.127	0.0050	0.013	0.025	414.8	1361
38	0.101	0.0040	0.008	0.016	659.6	2164
40	0.080	0.0031	0.005	0.010	1049	3441

*Highlighted rows indicate commonly used gauges for VIC chokes.* ## Wire Material Resistivity

Material	Resistivity ρ (Ω·m)	Relative to Cu	Temp Coefficient α (/°C)
Silver (Ag)	1.59 × 10⁻⁸	0.95×	0.0038
Copper (Cu)	1.68 × 10⁻⁸	1.00× (reference)	0.00393
Gold (Au)	2.44 × 10⁻⁸	1.45×	0.0034
Aluminum (Al)	2.65 × 10⁻⁸	1.58×	0.00429
Brass	6-9 × 10⁻⁸	4-5×	0.002
Steel	1.0 × 10⁻⁷	6×	0.005
Stainless Steel	6.9 × 10⁻⁷	41×	0.001
Nichrome	1.1 × 10⁻⁶	65×	0.0004

## Temperature Correction #### Resistance at Temperature T: R(T) = R₂₀ × \[1 + α(T - 20)\] #### Example (Copper wire):

- R₂₀ = 10 Ω at 20°C - At 50°C: R = 10 × \[1 + 0.00393(50-20)\] = 10 × 1.118 = 11.18 Ω - At 80°C: R = 10 × \[1 + 0.00393(80-20)\] = 10 × 1.236 = 12.36 Ω

## Magnet Wire Specifications Magnet wire has enamel insulation. Overall diameter includes insulation:

AWG	Bare Dia. (mm)	Overall Dia. (mm)	Turns/cm	Turns/inch
18	1.024	1.09	9.2	23.3
20	0.812	0.87	11.5	29.2
22	0.644	0.70	14.3	36.3
24	0.511	0.56	17.9	45.4
26	0.405	0.45	22.2	56.4
28	0.321	0.36	27.8	70.6
30	0.255	0.29	34.5	87.6
32	0.202	0.24	41.7	106

## Current Capacity Guidelines **For chassis wiring (in open air):**

AWG	Max Current (A)	AWG	Max Current (A)
10	15	24	1.4
12	9.3	26	0.9
14	5.9	28	0.55
16	3.7	30	0.35
18	2.3	32	0.22
20	1.8	34	0.14
22	2.1	36	0.09

*For coils, derate by 50% due to limited cooling. Magnet wire rated for higher temperature can handle more current.* ## Skin Depth Reference At high frequencies, current flows near the wire surface. Skin depth δ: δ = √(ρ / πfμ₀μᵣ) #### Skin Depth in Copper:

Frequency	Skin Depth (mm)	Max Useful Wire Dia.
1 kHz	2.1 mm	~4 mm (AWG 6)
10 kHz	0.66 mm	~1.3 mm (AWG 16)
50 kHz	0.30 mm	~0.6 mm (AWG 22)
100 kHz	0.21 mm	~0.4 mm (AWG 26)

*Use wire diameter ≤ 2×δ for effective use of conductor cross-section. For larger currents at high frequencies, use Litz wire.* ## Quick Reference: DCR Calculation #### For Copper Wire: DCR (Ω) = Length (m) × Resistance (Ω/km) / 1000 DCR (Ω) = Length (ft) × Resistance (Ω/1000ft) / 1000 #### For Other Materials: DCR_material = DCR_Cu × (ρ_material/ρ_Cu)