WFC 421 - Quenching Circuit Technology

Rendering Hydrogen Safer Than Natural Gas
The Quenching Circuit Technology is a combination and integration of several Gas-Processes that uses noncombustible gases to render hydrogen safer than Natural Gas. 

 The, " Non-Burnable " gases are used to adjust hydrogen " Burn-Rate " to Fuel-Gas burning levels 

 ... recycled to stabilize Gas-Flame temperatures 

 ...intermixed to sustain and maintain a Hydrogen Gas-Flame 

 ... and used to prevent Spark-Ignition of supply gases. 

 The utilization and recycling of the non-combustible gases allows the Water Fuel Cell to become a Retrofit Energy System . 

 The Quenching Circuit Technology is systematically activated and performed in the following way:

Spark-Ignition Tube
Spark-Ignition Tube (B) is a tubular test apparatus (1/8 diameter) that determines and measures the " Burn-Rate " of different types of Burnable Gases intermixed with Ambient Air, as illustrated in Figure (2-1). 

 Spark-Igniter (A) causes and starts the Burnable Gas-Mixture (B) to undergo Gas-Ignition which, in turns, supports and allows Gas Combustion to take place ... forming and sustaining a Gas-Flame . 

 The expanding and moving Gas-Flame travels (away from spark-igniter) the linear length of the gas filled tube (C) and is " detected " and " measured " (length between spark-igniter and light-detector) in one second after gas-ignition. The Gas-Ignition Process, now, establishes the " Burn-Rate " of a Burnable Gas-Mixture in centimeters per second (cm/sec.), as illustrated in Figure (2-2). 

 

 Different types of " Burnable " Gas-Mixtures exposed to the Gas-Ignition Process were tested, measured, recorded and systematically arranged as to cm/sec. length, see vertical bar Graph (2-2) again. 

 The Gas-Ignition Process was performed several times to establish the "average" Burn-Rate of the Fuel-Gases which, in turn, establishes the length of the vertical bars.

Gas Injection Process
Injecting and intermixing an Non-Combustible Gas (D) (non-burnable gas) with the ' Burnable Gas-Mixture (B) "changes" or "alters" the gas-mixture " Burn-Rate ". 

 Increasing the volume-amount of Non-Combustible Gas (D) diminishes and/or lowers the " Burn-Rate " of the Gas-Mixture (B/D) still further. 

 Progressive and controlled intermixing of the non-combustible gases (B/D) allowed the "Burn-Rate" of Hydrogen to be "lowered" or "adjusted" to "match" or ... co-equal the "Burn-Rate" of other Fuel-Gases , see curve line in Figure (2-2). 

 In terms of operational performance, the Non-Burnable gas (D) does "Not" support the Combustion Process since the Non-Burnable Gas (D) "restricts" or "retards" the speed at which the Oxygen Atom unites with Hydrogen Atoms to cause Gas Combustion . 

   

   

   

 The " Gas Retarding Process " is, of course, applicable to any type or combination of Burnable Gases or Burnable gas-mixture .

Gas Mixing Regulator
Inherently, the Water Fuel Cell allows the " Burn-Rate " of Hydrogen to be "Changed" or "adjusted" from 325 cm/sec. to 42 cm/sec. 

 (Co-equalling Natural Gas Burning levels) since Non-Combustible Gases (such as Nitrogen, Argon, and other non-burnable gases) derived from Ambient Air dissolved in natural water performs the Gas Retarding Process 

 ... sustaining and maintaining an Open-Air Flame beyond 5000-degrees F, as illustrated in Figure (2-3) 

 Natural water acts and performs as a " Gas-Mixing Regulator " when the Fuel-Cell is electrically energized by way of voltage stimulation (Electrical Polarization Process) 

 ... producing a uniform gas-mixture (B/D) regardless of the Gas Flow-Rate of the Fuel-Cell 

 ... producing a uniform gas-mixture (B/D) only when needed. 

 In quiescent-state, the supply of gases (BID) being released from the water bath is "terminated" and "stopped" when the Fuel-Cell becomes "de-energized". 

 The unused water, of course, remains as a non-burnable liquid. 

 The gases (B/D) above the water bath is "vented" for safety purposes.

Flame Temperature Adjustment
By capturing and recycling the expelled non-combustible gas (D) (derived from and supplied by the water bath) back into the sustained hydrogen gas-flame or Fuel-Cell causes the gas-flame temperature to be "changed" or "altered" by way of the Gas Retarding Process , as illustrated in Figure (2-4) as to Figure (2-3). 

 

 Gas Retarding Process , as illustrated in Figure (2-4) 

 

 

 

 Figure (2-3) 

 

 

 The recycling gases (D) controlled by an Gas Flow Regulator allows the gas flame-temperature to be "adjusted" or "calibrated" to any gas burning level (S), as so illustrated in Figure (2-2). 

 

 The "newly" formed and established gas flame-temperature remains constant regardless of the gas flow-rate of the Fuel-Cell. 

 Continual feedback of non-combustible gases (D) is, hereinafter, called " The Gas Combustion Stabilization Process ". 

 Automatically, the Gas Combustion Stabilization Process changes the " Burn-Rate " of the Fuel Cell gases (B/D) when obtaining the desired gas-flame temperature.

Quenching Circuit
Spark-Ignition of the Fuel-Cell gases (B/D) is prevented when the " Gas Retarding Process " is used in conjunction with a " Quenching Circuit ", as illustrated in Figure (2-3), (2-4), (2-5) and (2-6). 

 

 

 

 

 The non-combustible gases (D) separates and prevents the hydrogen atoms to unite with oxygen atoms to "bring-on" or "initiate" Gas-Ignition . 

 The narrow passageway (at least 1/8 inch long and having a .015 diameter) prevents the moving gas atoms from "Re-Grouping". 

 The alignment of the Fuel-Cell gases (BID) inside the tubular-passageway is, hereinafter, called " The Quenching Circuit ". 

 The Quenching Circuit "Anti-Spark technique" is "independent" of both Gas-Velocity and Gas-Pressure . 

  

Quenching Nozzle
Additional Quenching Circuits arranged in a Disc-shape configuration forms a "Quenching Nozzle" when attached to an "Quenching Tube", as illustrated in Figure (2-4) as to Figure (2-6). 

 

 Figure (2-3) 

 

 

 

 Figure (2-6) 

 

 

 The Multi Gas-Port Disc compensates for increased Gas-Velocity while "preventing" spark-ignition of the Fuel-Cell gases. 

 The overlapping Flame-Pattern re-ignites the expelling hydrogen gas-mixture (B/D) should Flame-Out occur. 

 Ceramic material is used to form the " Quenching Disc " to "prevent" hole-size enlargement due to gas-oxidation. 

 The non-combustible gases (D) keeps the Ceramic Material "cool-to-the-touch" by projecting the Gas-Flame beyond and away from the disc-surface ... the Quenching Disc remains "cool" even if the Gas-Flame Temperature exceeds the melting-point of the disc-material.

Quenching Tube
The Quenching Disc is extended into a Flexible Tube to transport the Fuel-Cell gases safely over long distances, as illustrated in Figure (2-7). 

 The Spark-Arresting Gas-Line is, hereinafter, called " The Quenching Tube ."

Catalytic Block Assembly
An inverted hemispherical cavity placed on top. of and in space relationship to the " Quenching Disc " insures total gas-combustion by recycling any "escaped" or "unused" burnable gases back into the gas-flame for Gas-Ignition 

 ... preventing Gas-Oxide formation, as illustrated in Figure (2-8) as to Figure (2-4). 

 

 Figure (2-8) 

 

 

 

 Figure (2-4)

Internal Combustion Engine
The Gas Combustion Stabilization Process (recycling non-combustible gases) is also applicable to operating an Internal Combustion Engine without changing Engine-Parts since the Gas Retarding Process allows the hydrogen " Burn-Rate to "equal" the " Burn-Rate " of Gasoline or Diesel-Fuel, as illustrated in Figure (2-2). 

 

 The engine provides its own non-combustible gases derived from Ambient Air undergoing the gas-combustion process. 

 Engine temperature remains the same since The Gas Stabilization Process is used.

Gas Grid System
Ambient Air is the prime source of Non-Combustible Gases when the Air-Gases are exposed to and passes through an Open-Air Flame , as illustrated in Figure (2-10). 

 

 The Gas Combustion Process of the Gas-Flame eliminates oxygen and burnable gas atoms from the expelling gases ... producing an endless supply of non-combustible gases. 

 Mixing the "processed" Air-Gases with an Hydrogen Supply Source sets up The Gas Retarding Process ... allowing the Hydrogen Gas-Mixture to be transported safely through existing Gas-Grid System .

Operational Parameters
The utilization and recycling of non-combustible gases, now, renders hydrogen gas as safe as Natural Gas or any other Fuel-Gas ... allowing the Water Fuel Cell to become a Retrofit Energy System .

WFC 421 - Illustrations