# Atomic Interaction to Voltage Stimulation

Atomic structure of an atom exhibits two types of electrical charged mass-entities.

**Orbital electrons** having **negative electrical charges** (-) and a **nucleus** composed of **protons** having **positive electrical charges** (+).

In <span style="text-decoration: underline;">stable electrical state</span>, the number of negative electrically charged electrons **equals** the same number of positive electrically charged protons ... forming an atom having "no" **net electrical charge**.

<p class="callout info">Whenever one or more electrons are "**dislodged**" from the atom, the atom takes on a **net positive electrical charge** and is called a **positive ion**.</p>

<p class="callout info">If an electron **combines** with a stable or normal atom, the atom has a **net negative charge** and is called a **negative ion**.</p>

Voltage potential within an electrical circuit (see **Voltage Intensifier Circuit** as to Figure 1-1) can cause <span style="text-decoration: underline;">one or more electrons to be dislodged</span> from the atom <span style="text-decoration: underline;">due to opposite polarity attraction</span> between unlike charged entities, as shown in Figure (1-8).

<table border="1" id="bkmrk-voltage-intensifier-" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="align-center" style="width: 50.0618%;">**Voltage Intensifier Circuit** as to Figure 1-1

[![image-1703011664617.png](https://stanslegacy.com/uploads/images/gallery/2023-12/scaled-1680-/qhtqz9LzDjg4722f-image-1703011664617.png)](https://stanslegacy.com/uploads/images/gallery/2023-12/qhtqz9LzDjg4722f-image-1703011664617.png)

</td><td class="align-center" style="width: 50.0618%;">Figure (1-8)

[![image-1703014820006.png](https://stanslegacy.com/uploads/images/gallery/2023-12/scaled-1680-/JwVGwSzunMi3kshP-image-1703014820006.png)](https://stanslegacy.com/uploads/images/gallery/2023-12/JwVGwSzunMi3kshP-image-1703014820006.png)

</td></tr></tbody></table>

> (see Figure 1-6 again as to Figure 1-9) as to **Newton's** and **Coulomb's Laws** of **electrical force** (RR).

[![image-1703011741746.png](https://stanslegacy.com/uploads/images/gallery/2023-12/scaled-1680-/wYpyHOaHXDoxZiEv-image-1703011741746.png)](https://stanslegacy.com/uploads/images/gallery/2023-12/wYpyHOaHXDoxZiEv-image-1703011741746.png)

<p class="callout info">The resultant electrical attraction force (qq') combines or joins unlike atoms together by way of **covalent bonding** to form molecules of gases, solids, or liquids.</p>

[![image-1703011752626.png](https://stanslegacy.com/uploads/images/gallery/2023-12/scaled-1680-/OPnNcyNwXCESXxxs-image-1703011752626.png)](https://stanslegacy.com/uploads/images/gallery/2023-12/OPnNcyNwXCESXxxs-image-1703011752626.png)When the unlike oxygen atom combines with two hydrogen atoms to from the water molecule by accepting the hydrogen electrons (aa' of Figure 1-7), the oxygen atoms become "net" **negative electrically charged** (-) since the restructured oxygen atom now occupies <span style="text-decoration: underline;">10 negative electrically charged electrons</span> as to only <span style="text-decoration: underline;">8 positive electrically charged protons</span>.

The hydrogen atom with only its **positive charged proton remaining** and **unused**, now, takes on a "net" **positive electrical charge** *equal to* the <span style="text-decoration: underline;">electrical intensity of the negative charges</span> of the two **electrons** (aa') being shared by the oxygen atom.

... satisfying the law of physics that *<span style="text-decoration: underline;">for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction</span>*.

The sum total of the **two positive charged hydrogen atoms** (++) equaling the **negative charged oxygen atom** (--) forms a "no" net electrical charged molecule of water.

<p class="callout info">Only the unlike atoms of the water molecule exhibits opposite electrical charges.</p>