# Electrically Charged Water Molecule

[![image-1703376101819.png](https://stanslegacy.com/uploads/images/gallery/2023-12/scaled-1680-/tgj1TAs4iQMFjqTd-image-1703376101819.png)](https://stanslegacy.com/uploads/images/gallery/2023-12/tgj1TAs4iQMFjqTd-image-1703376101819.png)Atomic structure of an **atom** (76) and (77) of Figure (3-27) exhibits two types of electrical charged mass entities, **orbital electrons** (79) having **negative electrical charges** ( - ) and a **nucleus** (84) (at least one proton) having a **positive electrical charge** ( + ).

> The **positive electrical charge** of the nucleus <span style="text-decoration: underline;">equals</span> the <span style="text-decoration: underline;">sum total</span> of all **negative electrical charged electrons** when the atom is in "**stable-state**."

In stable state or normal-state, the number of electrons <span style="text-decoration: underline;">equals the number of protons</span> to give the atom "**no**" <span style="text-decoration: underline;">net electrical charge</span>.

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<p class="callout info">Whenever one or more electrons are "**dislodged**" from the atom, the atom takes-on a net positive electrical charge and is called a **positive ion**.</p>

If a electron combines with a stable or normal atom, the atom has a **net negative charge** and is called a **negative ion.**

<p class="callout success">**Voltage potential** (65) within electrical **circuit** (60) can cause one or more **electrons** (79) to be dislodged from the **water molecule atom** (85) of Figure (3-26) <span style="text-decoration: underline;">due to</span> **opposite electrical polarity attraction** (qq') of Figure (3-29) between unlike charged entities, as shown in (160) of Figure (326) as to **Newton's** and **Coulomb's laws** of **electrical-force**.</p>

<table border="1" id="bkmrk-figure-%283-26%29-figure" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="align-center" style="width: 49.9383%;">Figure (3-26)

[![image-1703376323691.png](https://stanslegacy.com/uploads/images/gallery/2023-12/scaled-1680-/FI7iyHF5qFsbEw5X-image-1703376323691.png)](https://stanslegacy.com/uploads/images/gallery/2023-12/FI7iyHF5qFsbEw5X-image-1703376323691.png)

</td><td class="align-center" style="width: 49.9383%;">Figure (3-29)

[![image-1703376333059.png](https://stanslegacy.com/uploads/images/gallery/2023-12/scaled-1680-/5AN8vz6fgBPasqR1-image-1703376333059.png)](https://stanslegacy.com/uploads/images/gallery/2023-12/5AN8vz6fgBPasqR1-image-1703376333059.png)

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> These same laws of **electrical-force** (qq') are used to combine or join atoms together by way of **covalent bonding** (<span style="text-decoration: underline;">opposite electrical forces</span>) to form a molecule of **water** (85), as illustrated in (210) of Figure (3-27).

The liquid molecule of **water** (210) of Figure (3-27) is formed when the two **hydrogen atoms** (77a1b) takes-on a net "**positive electrical charge**" (78), which is, <span style="text-decoration: underline;">equal to</span> the net "**negative electrical charge**" (81) of the **oxygen atom** (76).

<p class="callout info">The resultant **electrical force** (qq') between the <span style="text-decoration: underline;">opposite electrical charged</span> **hydrogen** (77) and **oxygen** (76) atoms keeps **water molecule** (210) intact when the **hydrogen atom** (77) shares its **electron** (84) with **oxygen atom** (76).</p>

> The electrical strength of **attraction force** (qq') between the water molecule atoms <span style="text-decoration: underline;">is determined by</span> the <span style="text-decoration: underline;">electrical size of the </span><span style="text-decoration: underline;">hydrogen atoms</span> and the displacement of its **negative charged electrons** (84) during covalent sharing.

[![image-1703376101819.png](https://stanslegacy.com/uploads/images/gallery/2023-12/scaled-1680-/tgj1TAs4iQMFjqTd-image-1703376101819.png)](https://stanslegacy.com/uploads/images/gallery/2023-12/tgj1TAs4iQMFjqTd-image-1703376101819.png)Oxygen atom becomes **negative electrical charged** (81) since **oxygen atom** (76), now, has a total of <span style="text-decoration: underline;">ten negative charged</span> **electrons** (79a xxx 79n) in its "K" plus "L" orbits <span style="text-decoration: underline;">while maintaining it's original</span> **eight positive charged protons** which makes up **oxygen nucleus** (83).

<p class="callout success">Since the **hydrogen proton** (84) (<span style="text-decoration: underline;">hydrogen nucleus</span>) remains (<span style="text-decoration: underline;">after covalent link up</span>), then the **hydrogen atom** takes-on a **positive charge** (78) co-equalling the **positive charge** of the **hydrogen nucleus proton** (84).</p>

<p class="callout info">Together, the total net charge of **water molecule** (85) is <span style="text-decoration: underline;">zero</span> despite the fact that each water molecule atom <span style="text-decoration: underline;">retains</span>  
<span style="text-decoration: underline;">its electrical charge</span>.</p>

In other words, water molecule (85) is a <span style="text-decoration: underline;">electrically bipolar molecule</span> having a <span style="text-decoration: underline;">stable configuration</span> of charged atoms bound together by **electrostatic force** (qq').

<p class="callout warning">Electromagnetic bonding forces between unlike **atoms** (76n7) are negligible or non-existence, since **oxygen atom** (76) electrons are paired together, <span style="text-decoration: underline;">while rotating in opposite direction</span> which, in turn, causes **oxygen atom** (76) to be <span style="text-decoration: underline;">electromagnetically neutral</span> to **hydrogen atom** (77).</p>

> Electron theory of magnetism requires orbital electrons to <span style="text-decoration: underline;">spin in the same</span> direction before an atom can exhibit a electromagnetic field.

<p class="callout success">Furthermore, **external electrical force** (66/67) can <span style="text-decoration: underline;">alter the electromagnetic properties</span> of a atom since electromagnetic force is <span style="text-decoration: underline;">dependent on the movement</span> of **charged particles** in a electrostatic field **voltage Intensifier circuit** (190) of figure (3-23), now, allows voltage to dissociates **water molecule** (85) by overcoming **electrostatic bonding force** (qq') between **unlike atoms** (76n7) while restricting amp flow, as illustrated in (160) of Figure (3-26).</p>

<table border="1" id="bkmrk-figure-%283-23%29-figure" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="align-center" style="width: 35.3531%;">Figure (3-23)

[![image-1703232587555.png](https://stanslegacy.com/uploads/images/gallery/2023-12/scaled-1680-/7ffVlnHJcIOSoYRS-image-1703232587555.png)](https://stanslegacy.com/uploads/images/gallery/2023-12/7ffVlnHJcIOSoYRS-image-1703232587555.png)

</td><td class="align-center" style="width: 64.647%;">Figure (3-26)

[![image-1703376323691.png](https://stanslegacy.com/uploads/images/gallery/2023-12/scaled-1680-/FI7iyHF5qFsbEw5X-image-1703376323691.png)](https://stanslegacy.com/uploads/images/gallery/2023-12/FI7iyHF5qFsbEw5X-image-1703376323691.png)

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