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Stan’s Legacy

Steam resonator: how fast, and by what, the water heats

With this voltage across this plate cell at this frequency, how fast does the water reach the boil — and is it the dipoles or the current doing it?

The formula
P=(2πf·ε0·κ+σ)E2·ν
P
Heating power, W
f
Frequency, kHz
κ
Loss permittivity
σ
Conductivity, µS/cm
E
Field strength, V/m
ν
Water volume, mL
LaTeX
P = \left( 2\pi f \cdot \varepsilon_0 \cdot κ + σ \right) E^{2} \cdot ν

Work it out

cm²

One plate's area facing the other.

mm

The water-filled distance between the plates.

V

The peak voltage across the plates.

kHz

The frequency of the field.

What is between the plates.

µS/cm

What a conductivity meter reads on it.

°C

Where the water starts from.

Method

  1. The volume of water is the plate area times the gap.
  2. The plates as a capacitor, with the field-strength check the plate calculation makes.
  3. The water's loss permittivity at this frequency, from the Cole-Cole model.
  4. The heating, dipoles and ions separately, and the time to 100 °C.

Assumptions

  • Every assumption of every step. The water between the plates is all the water there is; a vessel with more water around the plates heats slower in proportion.
  • The conductivity is entered rather than taken from the named water, because it is what decides the answer and the meter reading is the number to use.