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Process & Apparatus For The Production Of Fuel Gas & The Enhanced Release Of Thermal Energy From Such Gas #5,149,407


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ABSTRACT:

Water molecules are broken down into hydrogen and oxygen gas atoms in a capacitive cell by a polarization and resonance process dependent upon the dielectric properties of water and water molecules. The gas atoms are thereafter ionized or otherwise energized and thermally combusted to release a degree of energy greater than that of combustion of the gas in ambient air.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION:

This invention relates to a method of and apparatus for obtaining the release of a fuel gas mixture including hydrogen and oxygen from water and to a method of and apparatus for obtaining the further release of energy from such a fuel gas mixture. Charged ions derived from the fuel gas are stimulated to an activated state, and then passed through a resonant cavity, where successively increasing energy levels are achieved, and finally passed to an outlet orifice to produce thermal explosive energy.

PRIOR ART:

Numerous processes have been proposed for separating a water molecule into its elemental hydrogen and oxygen components. Electrolysis is one such process. Other processes are described in U.S. patents such as U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,344,831; 4,184,931; 4,023,545; 3,980,053; and Patent Cooperation Treaty Application No. PCT/US80/1362, published Apr. 30, 1981. Other processes have been proposed for many years in which controlled energy producing reactions of atomic particles are expected to occur under “cold” conditions. [See, e.g., Rafelski, J. and Jones, 8. E., “Cold Nuclear Fusion,” Scientific American, July, 1987, page 84].

Further processes are also described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,233,109; 4,406,765; 4,687,753 and 4,695,357. The process and apparatus described herein are considered variations to and improvements in fuel sources and processes by which energy is derived from fuel gas components in a controllable manner.

OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION:

  • A first object of the invention is to provide a fuel cell and a process in which molecules of water are broken down into hydrogen and oxygen gases, and a fuel gas mixture including hydrogen, oxygen and other gasses formerly dissolved within the water is produced. A further object of the invention is to realize significant energy-yield from a fuel gas derived from water (H20) molecules. Molecules of water are broken down into hydrogen and oxygen gases. Electrically charged hydrogen and oxygen ions of opposite electrical polarity are activated by electromagnetic wave energy and ex- posed to a high temperature thermal zone. Significant amounts of thermal energy with explosive force beyond the gas burning stage are released.
  • An explosive thermal energy under a controlled state is produced. The process and apparatus provide a heat energy source useful for power generation, aircraft, rocket engines, or space stations.

DRAWINGS:


FIG. 1: 1A through 1F are illustrations depicting the theoretical bases for phenomena encountered during operation of the fuel gas production stage of the invention herein. 

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TABLE 1:

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FIG. 2 Illustrates a circuit useful in the fuel gas generation process.

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FIG. 3 shows a perspective of a “water capacitor” element used in the fuel cell circuit.

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FIG. 4 illustrates a staged arrangement of apparatus useful in the process, beginning with a water inlet and culminating in the production of thermal explosive energy.

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FIG. 5A shows a cross-section of a circular gas resonant cavity used in the final stage assembly of FIG. 4

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FIG. 5B shows an alternative final stage injection system useful in the apparatus of FIG. 4.

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FIG. 5C shows an optical thermal lens assembly for use with either final stage of FIG. 5A or FIG. 5B

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FIGS. 6A, 6B, 6C and 6D are illustrations depicting various theoretical bases for atomic phenomena expected to occur during operation of the invention herein.

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FIG. 7 is an electrical schematic of the voltage source for the gas resonant cavity.

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FIGS. 8A and 8B, respectively, show (A) an electron extractor grid used in the injector assemblies of FIG. 5A and FIG. 5B, and (B) the electronic control circuit for the extractor grid.

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FIG. 9 shows an alternate electrical circuit useful in providing a pulsating waveform to the apparatus.


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DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT:

A fuel gas is produced by a hydrogen fracturing process that follows the sequence of steps shown in the following Table I. Beginning with water molecules, the molecule is subjected to successively increasing electrical, wave energy and thermal forces. In the succession of forces, randomly oriented water molecules are aligned with respect to molecular polar orientation and them- selves polarized and “elongated” by the application of an electric potential to the extent that covalent bonding of the water molecule is so weakened that the atoms disassociate and the molecule breaks down into hydro- gen and oxygen elemental components. The released atomic gases are next ionized and electrically charged in a vessel while being subjected to a further energy source that promotes inter-particle impact in the gas at an increased overall energy level. Finally, the atomic particles in the excited gas, having achieved successively higher energy levels, are subjected to a laser or electromagnetic wave energy source that produces atomic destabilization and the final release of thermal explosive energy. Engineering design parameters based on known theoretical principles of atomic physics determine the incremental levels of electrical and wave energy input required to produce resonance in each stage of the system. Instead of a dampening effect, a resonant energization of the molecule, atom or ion pro- vides a compounding energy interaction resulting in the final energy release.


In brief, in the first stage a gas mixture including hydrogen and oxygen and other dissolved gases formerly entrapped in water is obtained, from water.

In general, the method used in the first stage consists of:

  • (A) providing a capacitor, in which the water is included as a dielectric liquid between capacitor plates, in a resonant charging choke circuit that includes an inductance in series with the capacitor.

  • (B) subjecting the capacitor to a pulsating, unipolar electric voltage field in which the polarity does not pass beyond an arbitrary ground, whereby the water molecules within the capacitor are subjected to a charge of the same polarity and the water molecules are distended by their subjection to electrical polar forces.

  • (C) further subjecting the water in said capacitor to said pulsating electric field to achieve a pulse frequency such that the pulsating electric field induces a resonance within the water molecule.

  • (D) continuing the application of the pulsing frequency to the capacitor cell after resonance occurs so that the energy level within the molecule is increased in cascading incremental steps in proportion to the number of pulses.

  • (E) maintaining the charge of said capacitor during the application of the pulsing field, whereby the co-valent electrical bonding of the hydrogen and oxygen atoms within said molecules is destabilized such that the force of the electrical field applied, as the force is effective within the molecule, exceeds the bonding force of the molecule, and hydrogen and oxygen atoms are liberated from the molecule as elemental gases; and

  • (F) collecting said hydrogen and oxygen gases, and any other gases that were formerly dissolved within. the water, and discharging the collected gases as a fuel gas mixture.

The water molecules are subjected to increasing electrical forces. In an ambient state, randomly oriented water molecules are aligned with respect to a molecular polar orientation. They are next, themselves polarized and “elongated” by the application of an electric potential to the extent that covalent bonding of the water molecule is so weakened that the atoms disassociate and the molecule breaks down into hydrogen and oxygen elemental components. In the process, the point of optimum gas release is reached at a circuit resonance. Water in the fuel cell is subjected to a pulsating, polar electric field produced by the electrical circuit whereby the water molecules are distended by reason of their subjection to electrical polar forces of the capacitor plates. The polar pulsating frequency applied is such that the pulsating electric field induces a resonance in the molecule. A cascade effect occurs and the overall energy level of specific water molecules is increased in cascading, incremental steps. The hydrogen and oxygen atomic gases, and other gas components formerly entrapped as dissolved gases in water, are released when the resonant energy exceeds the co-valent bonding force of the water molecule. A preferred construction material for the capacitor plates is a stainless steel T-304 which is non-chemically reactive with water, hydro- gen, or oxygen. An electrically conductive material which is inert in the fluid environment is a desirable material of construction for the electric field plates of the “water capacitor” employed in the circuit.

Once triggered, the gas output is controllable by the attenuation of operational parameters. Thus, once the frequency of resonance is identified, by varying the applied pulse voltage to the water fuel cell assembly, gas output is varied. By varying the pulse shape and/or amplitude or pulse train sequence of the initial pulsing wave source, final gas output is varied. Attenuation of the voltage field frequency in the form of OFF and ON pulses likewise affects output.

The overall apparatus thus includes an electrical circuit in which a water capacitor having a known dielectric property is an element. The fuel gases are obtained from the water by the disassociation of the water molecule. The water molecules are split into component atomic elements (hydrogen and oxygen gases) by a voltage stimulation process called the electrical polarization process which also releases dissolved gases entrapped in the water.

From the outline of physical phenomena associated with the first stage of the process described in Table 1, the theoretical basis of the invention considers the respective states of molecules and gases and ions derived from liquid water. Before voltage stimulation, water molecules are randomly dispersed throughout. water within a container. When a unipolar voltage pulse train such as shown in FIGS. 1B through JF is applied to positive and negative capacitor plates, an increasing voltage potential is induced in the molecules in a linear, step-like charging effect. The electrical field of the particles within a volume of water including the electrical field plates increases from a low energy state to a high energy state successively in a step manner following each pulse-train as illustrated figuratively in the depictions of FIGS. 1A through 1F. The increasing voltage potential is always positive in direct relation- ship to negative ground potential during each pulse. The voltage polarity on the plates. which create the voltage fields remains constant although the voltage charge increases. Positive and negative voltage “zones” are thus formed simultaneously in the electrical field of the capacitor plates.

In the first stage of the process describe in Table 1, because the water molecule naturally exhibits opposite electrical fields in a relatively polar configuration (the two hydrogen atoms are positively electrically charged relative to the negative electrically charged oxygen atom), the voltage pulse causes initially randomly oriented water molecules in the liquid state to spin and orient themselves with reference to positive and negative poles of the voltage fields applied. The positive electrically charged hydrogen atoms of said water molecule are attracted to a negative voltage field; while, at the same time, the negative electrically charged oxygen atoms of the same water molecule are attracted to a positive voltage field. Even a slight potential difference applied to inert, conductive plates of a containment chamber which forms a capacitor will initiate polar 5,149,407 atomic orientation within the water molecule based on polarity differences.





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