CONTROL AND DRIVER CIRCUITS FOR A HYDROGEN GAS FUEL PRODUCING CELL

This invention relates to electrical circuit systems useful in the operation of a water fuel cell including a water capacitor/resonant cavity for the production of a hydrogen containing fuel gas, such as that described in my United States Letter Patent No. 4,936,961, "Method for the Production of a Fuel Gas", issued on June 26, 1990.

REFERENCE: Patent No. 4,936,961, "Method for the Production of a Fuel Gas", issued on June 26, 1990.

Image Text: A control circuit for a capacitive resonant cavity water capacitor cell (7) for the production of a hydrogen containing fuel gas has a resonant scanning circuit cooperating with a resonance detector and PLL circuit to produce pulses. The pulses are fed into the primary (TX1) transformer. The secondary (TX2) transformer is connected to the resonant cavity water capacitor cell (7) via a diode and resonant charging chokes (TX4, TX5).

In my aforesaid Letters Patent for a method for
 the production of a fuel gas, voltage pulses applied to
 plates of a water capacitor tune into the dielectric
 properties of the water and attenuate the electrical
 forces between the hydrogen and oxygen atoms of the
 molecule. The attenuation of the electrical forces
 results in a change in the molecular electrical field and
 the covalent atomic bonding forces of the hydrogen and
 oxygen atoms. When resonance is achieved, the atomic bond
 of the molecule is broken, and the atoms of the molecule
 disassociate. At resonance, the current (amp) draw from a
 power source to the water capacitor is minimized and
 voltage across the water capacitor increases. Electron
 flow is not permitted (except at the minimun,
 corresponding to leakage resulting from the residual
 conductive properties of water). For the process to

continue, however, a resonant condition must be

maintained.
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Because of the electrical polarity of the water
 molecule, the fields produced in the water capacitor
 respectively attract and repel the opposite and like
 charges in the molecule, and the forces eventually
 achieved at resonance are such that the strength of the
 covalent bonding force in the water molecule is exceeded,
 and the atoms of the water molecule (which are normally in
 an electron sharing mode) disassociate. Upon
 disassociation, the formerly shared bonding electrons
 migrate to the hydrogen nuclei, and both the hydrogen and
 oxygen revert to net zero electrical charge. The atoms
 are released from the water as a gas mixture.

In the invention herein, a control circuit for a
 resonant cavity water capacitor cell utilized for the
 production of a hydrogen containing fuel gas is provided.

The circuit includes an isolation means such as a
 transformer having a ferromagnetic, ceramic or other
 electromagnetic material core and having one side of a
 secondary coil connected in series with a high speed
 Switching diode to one plate of the water capacitor of the
 resonant cavity and the other side of the secondary coil
 connected to the other plate of the water capacitor to
 form a closed loop electronic circuit utilizing the
 dielectric properties of water as part of the electronic
 resonant circuit. The primary coil of the isolation
 transformer is connected to a pulse generation means. The

secondary coil of the transformer may include seqments
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that form resonant charging choke circuits in series with
 the water capacitor plates.

In the pulse generation means, an adjustable
 first, resonant frequency generator and a second gated
 pulse frequency generator are provided. A gate pulse
 controls the number of the pulses produced by the resonant
 frequency generator sent to the primary coil during a
 period determined by the gate frequency of the second

pulse generator.

The invention also includes a means for sensing
 the occurrence of a resonant condition in the water
 capacitor/resonant cavity, which when a ferromagnetic or
 electromagnetic core is used, may be a pickup coil on the
 transformer core. The sensing means is interconnected to
 a scanning circuit and a phase lock loop circuit, whereby
 the pulsing frequency to the primary coil of the
 transformer is maintained at a sensed frequency
 corresponding to a resonant condition in the water
 capacitor.

Control means are provided in the circuit for
 adjusting the amplitude of a pulsing cycle sent to the
 primary coil and for maintaining the frequency of the
 pulsing cycle at a constant frequency regardless of pulse
 amplitude. In addition, the gated pulse frequency
 generator may be operatively interconnected with a sensor

that monitors the rate of gas production from the cell and

controls the number of pulses from the resonant frequency
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generator sent to the cell in a gated frequency in a
 correspondence with the rate of gas production. The
 sensor may be a gaS pressure sensor in an enclosed water
 capacitor resonant cavity which also includes a gas
 outlet. The gas pressure sensor is operatively connected
 to the circuit to determine the rate of gas production
 with respect to ambient gas pressure in the water
 capacitor enclosure.

Thus, an omnibus control circuit and its discrete
 elements for maintaining and controlling the resonance and
 other aspects of the release of gas from a resonant cavity
 water cell is described herein and illustrated in the

drawings which depict the following:

Figure 1 is a block diagram of an overall control
 circuit showing the interrelationship of
 sub-cireuits, the pulsing core/resonant circuit

and the water capacitor resonant cavity.

Figure 2 shows a type of digital control means for
 regulating the ultimate rate of gas production as
 determined by an external input. (Such a control
 means would correspond, for example, to the
 accelerator in an automobile or a building

thermostat control.)

Figure 3 shows an analog voltage generator.
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Figure 4 is a voltage amplitude control circuit
 interconnected with the voltage generator and one

side of the primary coil of the pulsing core.

Figure 5 is the cell driver circuit that is
 connected with the opposite side of the primary

coil of the pulsing core.

Figures 6, 7, 8 and 9 relate to pulsing control
 means including a gated pulse frequency generator
 (Figure 6): a phase lock circuit (Figure 7); a
 resonant scanning circuit (Figure 8); and the
 pulse indicator circuit (Figure 9) that control
 pulses transmitted to the resonant cavity/water

fuel cell capacitor.

Figure 10 shows the pulsing core and the voltage
 intensifier circuit that is the interface between

the control circuit and the resonant cavity.

Figure 11 is a gas feedback control circuit.

Figure 12 is an adjustable frequency generator

circuit.

The circuits are operatively interconnected as

shown in Figure 1 and to the pulsing core voltage
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intensifier circuit of Figure 10, which, inter alia,
 electrically isolates the water capacitor so that it
 becomes an electrically isolated cavity for the processing
 of water in accordance with its dielectric resonance
 properties. By reason of the isolation, power consumption
 in the control and driving circuits is minimized when
 resonance occurs; and current demand is minimized as
 voltage is maximized in the gas production mode of the
 water capacitor/fuel cell.

The reference letters appearing in the Figures, A,

B, C, D, E, stc., to M and Ml show, with respect to each 

separate circuit depicted, the point at which a connection
 in that circuit is made to a companion or interrelated
 circuit.

In the invention, the water capacitor is subjected
 to a duty pulse which builds up in the resonant changing
 choke coil and then collapses. This occurrence permits a
 unipolar pulse to be applied to the fuel cell capacitor.
 When a resonant condition of the circuit is locked-in by
 the circuit, amp leakage is held to a minimum as the
 voltage which creates the dielectric field tends to
 infinity. Thus, when high voltage is detected upon
 resonance, the phase lock loop circuit that controls the
 cell driver circuit maintains the resonance at the
 detected (or sensed) frequency.

The resonance of the water capacitor cell is

affected by the volume of water in the cell. The
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resonance of any given volume of water maintained in the
 water capacitor cell is also affected by "contaminants" in
 the water which act as a damper. For example, at an
 applied potential difference of 2000 to 5000 volts to the
 cell, an amp spike or surge may be caused by
 inconsistencies in water characteristics that cause an
 out-of-resonance condition which is remedied
 instantaneously by the control circuits.

In the invention, the adjustable frequency
 generator (Figure 12) tunes into the resonant condition of
 the circuit including the water cell and the water
 therein. The generator has a frequency capability of
 0 - 10 KHz and tunes into resonance typically at a
 frequency of 5 KHz in a typical 3.0 inch water capacitor
 formed of a 0.5 inch rod enclosed within a 0.75 inside
 diameter cylinder. At start up, in this example, current
 draw through the water cell will measure about 25
 milliamp; however, when the circuit finds a tuned resonant
 condition, current drops to a 1-2 milliamp minimum leakage
 condition.

The voltage to the capacitor water cell increases
 according to the turns of the winding and size of the
 coils, as in a typical transformer circuit. For example,
 if 12 volts are sent to the primary coil of the pulsing
 core and the secondary coil resonant charging choke ratio

is 30 to 1, then 360 volts are sent to the capacitor water
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cell. Turns are a -design variable that control the
 voltage of the unipolar pulses sent to the capacitor.

The high speed switching diode shown in Figure 10
 prevents charge leakage from the charged water in the
 water capacitor cavity, and the water capacitor as an
 overall capacitor circuit element, i.e., the pulse and
 charge status of the water/capacitor never pass through an
 arbitrary ground. The pulse to the water capacitor is
 always unipolar, The water capacitor is electrically
 isolated from the control, input and driver circuits by
 the electromagnetic coupling through the core. The
 switching diode in the VIC circuit (Figure 10) performs
 several functions in the pulsing. The diode is an
 electronic switch that determines the generation and
 collapse of an electromagnetic field to permit the
 resonant charging choke(s) to double the applied frequency
 and also allows the pulse to be sent to the resonant
 cavity without discharging the "capacitor" therein. The
 diode, of course, is selected in accordance with the
 maximum voltage encountered in the pulsing circuit. A 600
 PIV fast switching diode, such as an NVR 1550 high speed
 switching diode, has been found to be useful in the
 circuit herein,

The VIC circuit of Figure 10 also includes a
 ferromagnetic or ceramic ferromagnetic pulsing core
 capable of producing electromagnetic flux lines in

response to an electrical pulse input. The flux lines

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equally affect the ‘secondary coil and the resonant
 charging choke windings. Preferably, the core is a closed
 loop construction. The effect of the core is to isolate
 the water capacitor and to prevent the pulsing signal from
 going below an arbitrary ground and to maintain the charge
 of the already charged water and water capacitor.

In the pulsing core, the coils are preferably
 wound in the same direction to maximize the additive
 effect of the electromagnetic field therein.

The magnetic field of the pulsing core is in
 synchronization with the pulse input to the primary coil.
 The potential from the secondary coil is introduced to the
 resonant charging choke({s) series circuit elements which
 are subjected to the same synchronous applied
 electromagnetic field, simultaneously with the primary
 pulse.

When resonance occurs, control of the gas output
 is achieved by varying voltage amplitude or varying the
 time of duty gate cycle. The transformer core is a pulse
 frequency doubler. In a figurative explanation of the
 workings of the fuel gas generator water capacitor cell,
 when a water molecule is “hit" by a pulse, electron time
 share is affected, and the molecule is charged. When the
 time of the duty cycle is changed, the number of pulses
 that “hit" the molecules in the fuel cell is
 correspondingly modified. More “hits" result in a greater

rate of molecular disassociation.
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With reference to the overall circuit of Figure 1,
 Figure 3 receives a digital input signal, and Figure 4
 depicts the control means that directs 0-12 volts across
 the primary coil of the pulsing core. Depending upon
 design parameters of primary coil voltage and other
 Factors relevant to core design, the secondary coil of the
 pulsing core can be set up for a predetermined maximum,
 such as 2000 volts.

Figure 5, the cell driver circuit, allows a gated
 pulse to be varied in direct relation to voltage amplitude.

As noted above, the circuit of Figure 6 produces a
 gate pulse frequency. The gate pulse is superimposed over
 the resonant frequency pulse to create a duty cycle that
 determines the number of discrete pulses sent to the
 primary coil. For example, assuming a resonant pulse of 5
 KHz, a .5 Hz gate pulse may be superimposed over the 5 KHz
 pulse to provide 2500 discrete pulses in a 50% duty cycle
 per Hz. The relationship of resonant pulse to the gate
 pulse is determined by conventional signal
 addition/subtraction techniques.

Figure 7, a phase lock loop, allows pulse
 frequency to be maintained at a predetermined resonant
 condition sensed by the circuit. Together, the circuits
 of Figures 7 and 8 determine an output signal to the
 pulsing core until the peak voltage signal sensed at

resonance is achieved.
*

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A resonant condition occurs when the pulse
 frequency and the voltage input attenuates the covalent
 bonding forces of the hydrogen and oxygen atoms of the
 water molecule. When this occurs, amp leakage through the
 water capacitor is minimized. The tendency of voltage to
 maximize at resonance increases the force of the electric
 potential applied to the water molecules, which ultimately

disassociate into atoms.

Because resonances of different waters, water
 volumes, and capacitor cells vary, the resonant scanning
 circuit of Figure 8 is useful. The scanning circuit of
 Figure 8 scans frequency from high to low to high
 repeating until a signal lock is determined. The
 ferromagnetic core of the voltage intensifier circuit
 transformer suppresses electron surge in an
 out-of-resonance condition of the fuel cell. In an
 example, the circuit scans at frequencies from 0 Hz to 10
 KHz to 0 Hz. In water having contaminants in the range of
 1 ppm to 20 ppm, a 20% variance in resonant frequency is
 encountered. Depending on water flow rate into fuel cell,
 the normal variance range is about 8-10%. For example,
 iron in well water affects the status of molecular
 disassociation. Also, at a resonant condition harmonic
 effects occur. In a typical operation of the cell with a
 representative water capacitor described below, at a
 frequency of about 5 KHz at unipolar pulses from 0 to 650

volts at a sensed resonant condition into the resonant

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cavity, conversion of’ about 5 gallons of water per hour
 into a fuel gas will occur on average. To increase the
 rate, multiple resonant cavities can be used and/or the
 surfaces of the water capacitor can be increased, however,
 the water capacitor cell is preferably small in scale. A
 typical water capacitor may be formed from a 0.5 inch in
 diameter stainless steel rod and a 0.75 inch inside
 diameter cylinder that together extend concentrically
 about 3.0 inches with respect to each other.

Shape and size of the resonant Cavity may vary.
 Larger resonant cavities and higher rates of consumption
 of water in the conversion process require higher
 frequencies such as up to 50 KHz and above. The pulsing
 rate, to sustain such high rates of conversion must be
 correspondingly increased.

From the foregoing description of the preferred
 embodiment, other variations and modifications of the
 system disclosed will be evident to those of skill in the

art.
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WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:

1. A control circuit for a resonant cavity water
 capacitor cell utilized for the production of a hydrogen

containing fuel gas including

an isolation transformer including a ferromagnetic
 core and having one side of a secondary coil connected in
 series with a high speed switching diode to one plate of
 the water capacitor of the resonant cavity and the other
 side of the secondary coil connected to the other plate of
 the water capacitor to form a closed loop electronic
 circuit utilizing the dielectric properties of water as
 part of the electronic circuit and a primary coil

connected to a pulse generation means.

2. The circuit of Claim 1 in which the secondary
 coil includes segments that form a resonant charging choke

circuit in series with the water capacitor.

3. The circuit of Claim 1 in which the pulse
 generation means includes an adjustable first frequency
 generator and a second gated pulse frequency generator
 which controls the number of pulses produced by the first
 frequency generator sent to the primary coil during a

period determined by the gate frequency of the second

pulse generator.
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4. The circuit of Claim 1 further including a
 means for sensing the occurrence of a resonant condition
 in the water capacitor of the resonant cavity.

5. The circuit of Claim 4 in which the means for
 sensing is a pickup coil on the ferromagnetic core of the

transformer.

6. The circuit of Claim 4 or Claim 5 in which the
 sensing means is interconnected to a scanning circuit and
 a phase lock loop circuit, whereby the pulsing frequency
 to the primary coil of the transformer is maintained at a
 sensed frequency corresponding to a resonant condition in

the water capacitor.

7. The circuit of Claim 1 including means for
 adjusting the amplitude of a pulsing cycle sent to the

primary coil.

8. The circuit of Claim 6 including further means
 for maintaining the frequency of the pulsing cycle at a

constant frequency regardless of pulse amplitude.

9. The circuit of Claim 3 in which the gated
 pulse frequency generator is operatively interconnected
 with a sensor that monitors the rate of gas production

from the cell and controls the number of pulses to the
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cell in a gated frequency in a correspondence with the

rate of gas production.

10. The circuit of Claim 7 or Claim 8 or Claim 9
 further including a gas pressure sensor in an enclosed
 water capacitor resonant cavity which also includes a gas
 outlet, which gas pressure sensor is operatively connected
 to the circuit to determine the rate of gas production
 with respect to ambient gas pressure in the water

capacitor enclosure.

11. The methods and apparatus as substantially

described herein.
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