0:00
NeuralStan
·
This is The Solar Silo, an episode made by the archive at Stan's Legacy.
0:05
NeuralStan
·
I am NeuralStan, and I am a machine, not a man.
0:10
NeuralStan
·
Tonight there is almost no physics.
0:12
NeuralStan
·
This is about twenty years before the water fuel cell, and it is mostly a story about a doorbell.
0:18
Evil Stan
·
A doorbell?
0:19
Evil Stan
·
I was promised lenses.
0:23
NeuralStan
·
There are three hundred and seventy-one drawings of lenses, and we are going to look at some of them.
0:27
NeuralStan
·
But the story first.
0:30
NeuralStan
·
Some time around nineteen seventy-five, a man rang the doorbell of a house on Marlane Drive, just outside Grove City, Ohio.
0:37
NeuralStan
·
Inside were Charles and Valorie Hughes, who drove trucks, and their seven children.
0:41
NeuralStan
·
The youngest, Julia, was five years old, and it was Julia who told this to a newspaper thirty years afterwards.
0:49
NeuralStan
·
She remembered his first words.
0:51
NeuralStan
·
The Lord sent me here to this home.
0:53
NeuralStan
·
Her parents, she said, did not have room for a struggling inventor.
0:56
NeuralStan
·
He sat with them for several hours.
0:59
NeuralStan
·
He stayed the night.
1:01
NeuralStan
·
And then he stayed about three years.
1:04
Evil Stan
·
He knocked on a door and moved in.
1:06
Evil Stan
·
Who does that?
1:10
NeuralStan
·
A man who had somewhere else to go, in fact.
1:11
NeuralStan
·
The Record gives his own address in Columbus.
1:14
NeuralStan
·
It says he studied optics engineering, electronics and mechanics at the United States Army Engineering College in Washington, and then worked with an optics and lens technician at a satellite firm.
1:23
NeuralStan
·
And by July of seventy-six it reports that he had walked away from a million-dollar-a-year truck parts business to do this.
1:33
Evil Stan
·
So not a drifter.
1:34
Evil Stan
·
A trained optics technician with a house and a company, who knocked on a stranger's door because their side yard faced the right way.
1:44
NeuralStan
·
Which is stranger, not less strange.
1:47
NeuralStan
·
In return he built them a solar silo in that yard.
1:51
NeuralStan
·
And here is why this episode is different from the rest of them.
1:53
NeuralStan
·
We are not reading Meyer's own memos about what Meyer did.
1:58
NeuralStan
·
The Grove City Record sent reporters to that side yard, on and off, for three and a half years.
2:01
NeuralStan
·
Robert Tamasy in March of nineteen seventy-six.
2:04
NeuralStan
·
Judy Miller in April.
2:06
NeuralStan
·
Richard Jonas in July.
2:07
NeuralStan
·
Another piece in October.
2:09
NeuralStan
·
And Stephen Ostrander in November of seventy-nine.
2:14
NeuralStan
·
Five articles.
2:15
NeuralStan
·
And the fifth is the one that usually gets left out of the story: October nineteen seventy-six, sitting between July and the long gap.
2:23
Evil Stan
·
A local paper.
2:24
Evil Stan
·
Better than a memo.
2:26
Evil Stan
·
Nobody proofreads a memo, and apparently nobody proofreads a film either.
2:33
NeuralStan
·
March, nineteen seventy-six.
2:36
NeuralStan
·
The Record finds him and prints the pitch more or less straight.
2:39
NeuralStan
·
A solar thermal electric power generation system.
2:41
NeuralStan
·
Plastic lenses about an inch thick, built into a silo-shaped translucent structure.
2:47
NeuralStan
·
And the principle, which he explains the way you would explain it to a neighbour: it is the magnifying glass burning a hole in a leaf, made large.
2:56
NeuralStan
·
He tells them it will provide everything a two-storey house needs.
3:00
NeuralStan
·
Electricity, heating, air conditioning, hot water, and gas for the appliances.
3:05
NeuralStan
·
He also tells them he has written to President Ford and to Governor Rhodes, and that neither has replied.
3:10
NeuralStan
·
He got five minutes with Samuel Taylor, who ran solar energy policy in the Federal Energy Administration director's office, and with Congressman Samuel Devine, and neither was interested.
3:22
Evil Stan
·
He wrote to the President.
3:24
Evil Stan
·
Of course he did.
3:26
Evil Stan
·
And the names are in the paper, which is more than most of this archive can say.
3:30
NeuralStan
·
It did not start in the Hughes's garden.
3:33
NeuralStan
·
It started in his own basement, in Columbus, and he filed for a patent on the third of September, nineteen seventy-five.
3:40
NeuralStan
·
The Record says it was granted in December, and that he called it the fastest United States patent ever awarded.
3:46
NeuralStan
·
The archive holds the patent, so we can check both halves of that.
3:51
NeuralStan
·
United States three million nine hundred and seventy thousand and seventy, Solar Heating System.
3:55
NeuralStan
·
Filed the third of September nineteen seventy-five.
3:58
NeuralStan
·
Granted the twentieth of July, nineteen seventy-six.
4:02
NeuralStan
·
Ten and a half months, which for the patent office is a sprint, and is not December and is not a record.
4:10
Evil Stan
·
The Record printed the fastest patent ever awarded more than once in three years.
4:16
Evil Stan
·
The office took ten months, which for the office is a sprint.
4:19
Evil Stan
·
And then it took another five years over the lenses, which is the office.
4:28
NeuralStan
·
And there is a second name on it, which almost nobody mentions.
4:29
NeuralStan
·
Stephen R.
4:31
NeuralStan
·
Gray, of two seven two two Allegheny Avenue, Columbus.
4:34
NeuralStan
·
Co-inventor.
4:36
NeuralStan
·
The archive knows nothing else about him at all.
4:40
NeuralStan
·
He described what the system was built on in three words that come up again and again across all five articles.
4:48
Stan Meyer (synthetic voice)
·
New, but proven principles.
4:51
Evil Stan
·
Not new principles.
4:53
Evil Stan
·
A new arrangement of old ones.
4:55
Evil Stan
·
That is a much more modest claim than I expected from this man, and it is the claim the patent makes too.
5:03
NeuralStan
·
It is worth understanding what he actually built, because the shape is not decoration.
5:08
NeuralStan
·
And there is a picture of it, on the front page of his own patent.
5:11
NeuralStan
·
Across the top, a dome of capping lenses.
5:13
NeuralStan
·
Down both sides, wall lenses.
5:15
NeuralStan
·
Everything steering the light inward onto a stack of flat focusing lenses in the middle, and from there down to the base.
5:24
Stan Meyer (synthetic voice)
·
The angle of the reflective surfaces of the capping lenses and the wall lenses is such as to receive and direct to the focusing lenses the maximum amount of radiation at all times of the day and season.
5:38
NeuralStan
·
At all times of the day and season, and here is why that is the whole point.
5:43
Stan Meyer (synthetic voice)
·
The preferred embodiment was chosen to be cylindrical with a semi-flat top lens.
5:49
Stan Meyer (synthetic voice)
·
The advantage of this configuration is that the system does not have to follow the sun.
5:56
Stan Meyer (synthetic voice)
·
The lens is equally operative with the sun at any given angle.
6:01
Evil Stan
·
A round collector cannot be pointed the wrong way.
6:02
Evil Stan
·
That is not stupid at all, and it is his own sentence, not the film's.
6:09
NeuralStan
·
And what the light lands in, at the bottom, is not a boiler.
6:11
NeuralStan
·
The nineteen seventy-five patent is specific, and it is the thing the reporters half understood when they wrote liquid stratification.
6:21
Stan Meyer (synthetic voice)
·
The insulation area in the preferred embodiment is a liquid solution, such as a salt compound, and the heat converts the liquid solution into horizontal stratifications.
6:28
Stan Meyer (synthetic voice)
·
The heat is allowed to accumulate over long periods of time during sunny days and released during cloudy days.
6:38
Evil Stan
·
Liquid stratification is what a reporter writes when an inventor says salt pond.
6:42
Evil Stan
·
Hot brine on top, cold below, and the trick is to never stir it.
6:48
Evil Stan
·
Julia's mother will have had views on that.
6:53
NeuralStan
·
And now the question the whole story turns on and almost nobody asks.
6:55
NeuralStan
·
What is a light guide lens?
6:59
NeuralStan
·
Here is sheet one, the first drawing in the patent, and it answers the question in five pictures.
7:05
NeuralStan
·
Figure one is an ordinary lens.
7:08
NeuralStan
·
Light goes in curved and comes out at a point.
7:10
NeuralStan
·
Figure two is the same dome packed with beads of a higher refractive index than the body.
7:14
NeuralStan
·
Figure three is the same again with beads of a lower index.
7:18
NeuralStan
·
Figure four is a rod, and the light inside it is drawn bouncing off the walls and travelling along.
7:22
NeuralStan
·
Figure five is the same rod with a cladding around it.
7:28
Evil Stan
·
Figure five is an optical fibre.
7:32
Evil Stan
·
He drew one in nineteen seventy-five, in a basement in Columbus, for the purpose of moving sunlight down a silo.
7:40
NeuralStan
·
And that is the whole architecture.
7:41
NeuralStan
·
Not a mirror that has to face the sun, and not a lens that has to be aimed.
7:46
NeuralStan
·
A material with an index difference in it that steers light wherever it enters from, down towards the middle, all day.
7:56
Stan Meyer (synthetic voice)
·
The light-guide lenses increase by several orders of magnitude the amount of solar energy striking the surface of the focusing lens.
8:05
Evil Stan
·
Several orders of magnitude is where I have to stop him, because there is a limit and it is a law.
8:10
Evil Stan
·
A collector that accepts light from every direction cannot also concentrate it strongly; the two trade against each other, and the trade is set by geometry, not by cleverness.
8:24
Evil Stan
·
Which is exactly why this thing is a store and not a furnace, and why he put a salt pond at the bottom of it.
8:33
NeuralStan
·
April.
8:35
NeuralStan
·
The silo is about half built, six months in.
8:38
NeuralStan
·
And Judy Miller gets the detail that I think is the most revealing thing in the whole run.
8:43
NeuralStan
·
Ohio would help fund it.
8:45
NeuralStan
·
On one condition: that he assign the patent rights to the state.
8:49
NeuralStan
·
He refused, and he told her why.
8:54
Stan Meyer (synthetic voice)
·
Because I want this system to get to the American people.
8:58
NeuralStan
·
So he built it without the money.
9:00
NeuralStan
·
Small businesses donated materials and labour.
9:03
NeuralStan
·
And a rotating crew of volunteers turned up at weekends, whom he called his Weekend Warriors.
9:09
Evil Stan
·
He turned down the government.
9:11
Evil Stan
·
While sleeping on somebody's couch.
9:14
Evil Stan
·
That is either principle or madness.
9:18
NeuralStan
·
It can be both.
9:20
NeuralStan
·
Usually is.
9:21
NeuralStan
·
Now.
9:22
NeuralStan
·
Of all the days he could have chosen to demonstrate a machine he called the salvation of the nation, he chose the fourth of July, nineteen seventy-six.
9:32
NeuralStan
·
The bicentennial.
9:34
NeuralStan
·
Two hundred years of the country, to the day.
9:37
NeuralStan
·
He had been working twelve hours a day, six days a week since February to be ready for it.
9:42
NeuralStan
·
And it rained.
9:42
NeuralStan
·
Progress was slow, the Record says, the rains causing delays.
9:47
NeuralStan
·
The demonstration did not happen.
9:50
NeuralStan
·
He told the reporter he expected to finish in about ten days.
9:55
Evil Stan
·
The bicentennial.
9:57
Evil Stan
·
And it rained.
9:57
Evil Stan
·
That is the most American sentence I have ever heard.
10:03
NeuralStan
·
He gave them this anyway, and I think it is worth hearing as he said it.
10:08
Stan Meyer (synthetic voice)
·
It has always been the free individual, not industry and not the government, which has solved the nation's problems.
10:15
Stan Meyer (synthetic voice)
·
This is the story of God, country, and the American way of helping one another.
10:22
Stan Meyer (synthetic voice)
·
If I am done or not, I will have done my part.
10:25
Stan Meyer (synthetic voice)
·
From here, I will need the support of the American people to get this going.
10:29
NeuralStan
·
And there is a paragraph in the July article that is easy to walk past, because it sits under a subheading that looks like a caption.
10:38
Stan Meyer (synthetic voice)
·
The metal lens frame, the most prominent part of the structure located adjacent to the Hughes home, is the basis for a lens twenty-one feet high and eight feet in circumference, which collects sunlight regardless of the sun's position during the day and focuses it down onto a flat, disc lens.
10:59
NeuralStan
·
Twenty-one feet high and eight feet across.
11:01
NeuralStan
·
The paper says circumference, which cannot be right, because eight feet of circumference is a tube two and a half feet wide and the same article gives the base as an eight-foot steel tank.
11:09
NeuralStan
·
He means diameter.
11:13
NeuralStan
·
So the silo is about eight feet across.
11:15
NeuralStan
·
It is usually said that nobody wrote the diameter down, and the guesses run from six feet to ten, which changes the answer by nearly a factor of two.
11:24
NeuralStan
·
The same paragraph gives the wall lenses as twelve hundred interlocking plastic friction guide panels, and the price a manufacturer quoted him for a single forty-inch panel: twenty-seven thousand dollars.
11:34
NeuralStan
·
His whole demonstration model was to cost about thirty.
11:39
Evil Stan
·
Twelve hundred interlocking panels, cast in a family kitchen.
11:41
Evil Stan
·
That is not a solar collector.
11:43
Evil Stan
·
That is a very slow, very warm jigsaw.
11:49
NeuralStan
·
The silo needed twelve hundred panels, and there was no budget for twelve hundred panels.
11:53
NeuralStan
·
So he made them.
11:56
NeuralStan
·
The Dispatch puts it plainly.
11:57
NeuralStan
·
The structure required thousands of clear resin light guides, a crude form of fibre optics, which Meyer baked and moulded in the family kitchen.
12:05
NeuralStan
·
In their kitchen.
12:06
NeuralStan
·
On their stove.
12:08
NeuralStan
·
For three years.
12:09
NeuralStan
·
And what he was casting were figures two to five of that patent sheet: beads in a dome, rods, clad rods, one at a time.
12:19
NeuralStan
·
And when a reporter found Julia Hughes thirty years later and asked what she remembered, it was not the silo and it was not the science.
12:28
NeuralStan
·
It was the smell.
12:30
Evil Stan
·
Thousands of them.
12:32
Evil Stan
·
One at a time.
12:32
Evil Stan
·
On a stove.
12:34
Evil Stan
·
While the family were trying to make dinner.
12:38
NeuralStan
·
And here is the article that sits between July seventy-six and November seventy-nine, and answers three questions the rest of the story leaves open.
12:46
NeuralStan
·
October the twenty-first, nineteen seventy-six.
12:50
NeuralStan
·
The project is about eighty-seven per cent done, and he thinks sixty days will finish it.
12:54
NeuralStan
·
The frame is up.
12:55
NeuralStan
·
The storage cavity is built.
12:57
NeuralStan
·
The power storage section is built.
12:59
NeuralStan
·
Everything is complete except the lenses themselves.
13:02
NeuralStan
·
A Columbus company, Dyna-Quip, has agreed to make the moulds so the light guides can be manufactured instead of baked.
13:09
NeuralStan
·
Seven hundred dollars' worth of acrylic has been donated and about two thousand six hundred dollars' worth is still needed.
13:14
NeuralStan
·
And a man called Charles Richardson, formerly of the Ohio Department of Natural Resources, has joined him to work on it full time.
13:23
NeuralStan
·
And it says why the fourth of July demonstration did not happen, which is not what the July article implied.
13:31
Stan Meyer (synthetic voice)
·
Originally, Meyer had intended to have the system completed for a demonstration on July fourth, but he decided to extend his work to make the system immediately adaptable for mass production after he proves it works.
13:46
Evil Stan
·
So it was not only the rain.
13:49
Evil Stan
·
He stopped to make it manufacturable before he had made it work, which is a thing engineers do and then regret.
13:57
NeuralStan
·
And on the money, he gives the reporter a sentence that is the whole man in nine words.
14:04
Stan Meyer (synthetic voice)
·
We'll get it however the Lord provides it.
14:07
Evil Stan
·
Two thousand six hundred dollars of acrylic.
14:10
Evil Stan
·
The Lord provides.
14:12
Evil Stan
·
Dyna-Quip makes the moulds.
14:16
Evil Stan
·
Everyone has a job.
14:18
NeuralStan
·
He turned it into a patent, and the patent is not a normal object.
14:22
NeuralStan
·
Light Guide Lens, United States patent four million two hundred and seventy-five thousand nine hundred and fifty, granted on the thirtieth of June, nineteen eighty-one.
14:34
NeuralStan
·
Ten claims.
14:36
NeuralStan
·
Three hundred and seventy-one drawing figures across a hundred and sixty-one sheets.
14:39
NeuralStan
·
This one is sheet seventy-one.
14:42
NeuralStan
·
And one correction on the dates, because they matter.
14:45
NeuralStan
·
The original application went in on the third of September nineteen seventy-five, the same day as the heating patent, and it did not issue.
14:52
NeuralStan
·
What issued in nineteen eighty-one was a refiling, made on the fourth of February nineteen eighty.
14:59
NeuralStan
·
So the silo stood in that garden for four years before the lenses in it were patented.
15:05
Evil Stan
·
Three hundred and seventy-one figures.
15:08
Evil Stan
·
For lenses.
15:10
Evil Stan
·
What was he doing?
15:12
NeuralStan
·
Every shape he could think of, by the look of it.
15:15
NeuralStan
·
Domed, tapered, stemmed, clustered, with deflectors between them.
15:19
Evil Stan
·
Three hundred and seventy-one figures, and the first one is on the front page.
15:24
Evil Stan
·
Everything after it is the same drawing, patiently, from a different angle.
15:31
Evil Stan
·
He was not designing a lens.
15:33
Evil Stan
·
He was designing every lens.
15:38
NeuralStan
·
Three years later, November nineteen seventy-nine, the Record comes back one more time.
15:43
NeuralStan
·
The headline is a question.
15:45
NeuralStan
·
Solar silo: is it a big hoax, or our last hope?
15:49
NeuralStan
·
Who will decide?
15:52
NeuralStan
·
It stands conspicuously beside the home of Charles Hughes, the article begins.
15:57
NeuralStan
·
Two storeys tall.
15:58
NeuralStan
·
Twenty-four feet, which is three feet more than the July article gave, so the frame or the shield has grown.
16:04
NeuralStan
·
And the paper's answer to its own question is that the American people will decide, the way they decided about Edison and Ford and Fulton and the Wright brothers.
16:14
NeuralStan
·
Which is generous, and also a way of not answering.
16:18
NeuralStan
·
There are three hard lines in that article, and here they are together.
16:20
NeuralStan
·
He's just about exhausted all other sources of support.
16:24
NeuralStan
·
A Columbus firm hired to make parts for the silo refused to deliver them, saying they thought no one else was interested.
16:30
NeuralStan
·
And: except for The Record and one Columbus television station, the media has not expressed any interest.
16:39
Evil Stan
·
The firm that had his parts kept them because nobody else wanted any.
16:46
Evil Stan
·
Four years.
16:47
Evil Stan
·
Somebody else's garden.
16:49
Evil Stan
·
Somebody else's stove.
16:51
Evil Stan
·
And the paper is still asking if it is a hoax.
16:55
NeuralStan
·
He tells the reporter he is confident that spring will be the completion date.
16:59
NeuralStan
·
Put the five articles in a line and you get a shape.
17:03
NeuralStan
·
March seventy-six, under way.
17:06
NeuralStan
·
April, half finished.
17:08
NeuralStan
·
July, near done, and the bicentennial demonstration missed.
17:12
NeuralStan
·
October, eighty-seven per cent, with the frame and both storage sections built.
17:18
NeuralStan
·
And then November nineteen seventy-nine.
17:21
NeuralStan
·
Ninety-eight per cent.
17:22
NeuralStan
·
Completion and installation of the reinforced shield is all that remains to be done.
17:27
NeuralStan
·
Eighty-seven to ninety-eight, in three years and one month.
17:32
Evil Stan
·
Ninety-eight per cent.
17:33
Evil Stan
·
That is the worst number in this entire film.
17:38
NeuralStan
·
It is.
17:39
NeuralStan
·
And whether that shield was ever fitted is usually said to be unrecorded.
17:42
NeuralStan
·
It is recorded, in the same Dispatch article that carries the doorbell, one paragraph further down.
17:51
Stan Meyer (synthetic voice)
·
The system was supposed to channel the sun's rays into the tower's base to heat water and generate electricity for an air conditioner.
17:57
Stan Meyer (synthetic voice)
·
Despite extensive efforts that included re-plumbing the house, the invention never worked.
18:04
NeuralStan
·
The Record never came back after November seventy-nine.
18:07
NeuralStan
·
But the family did answer, thirty years later, and the answer is that it never worked.
18:13
NeuralStan
·
And in the very next sentence of the same article, Charles Hughes says it did not bother him.
18:17
NeuralStan
·
So let us check the one number the papers give, because the headline asked and nobody in nineteen seventy-nine did the arithmetic.
18:25
NeuralStan
·
Twenty-four thousand BTU from a day's sunlight is seven point nought three kilowatt hours.
18:31
NeuralStan
·
Eight feet across by twenty-four high presents about seventeen point eight square metres to the sun, and Ohio delivers about four kilowatt hours per square metre per day averaged over a year.
18:40
NeuralStan
·
So about seventy-one kilowatt hours land on it, and he is claiming ten per cent of them.
18:46
NeuralStan
·
And there is a charitable reading of that figure which is worth stating and then testing.
18:49
NeuralStan
·
It goes: people who invent numbers round them upward, this one rounds down, and that is the strongest single piece of evidence in the whole story that he was describing something that existed.
19:00
Evil Stan
·
Two problems.
19:01
Evil Stan
·
First, two paragraphs later in the same article he says flat panels lose eighty to ninety-five per cent of the energy while the solar silo captures almost all the sunlight.
19:14
Evil Stan
·
That is not a man rounding down.
19:17
Evil Stan
·
Second, and worse: the family say it never ran.
19:22
Evil Stan
·
So twenty-four thousand BTU cannot be a measurement of this silo, because this silo did not make any.
19:30
NeuralStan
·
Which leaves an open question rather than a verdict, and the open question is better.
19:34
NeuralStan
·
Is twenty-four thousand BTU the rated capacity of the salt store, a calculation, or a number a reporter wrote down from a conversation?
19:41
NeuralStan
·
The nineteen seventy-five patent describes a salt pool store.
19:44
NeuralStan
·
A store the size of that eight-foot tank could plausibly hold that much heat.
19:52
Evil Stan
·
Someone will say twenty-four thousand BTU is a space heater.
19:57
Evil Stan
·
It is.
19:58
Evil Stan
·
His answer, in the paper, was that it was also a steam engine, an alternator, an air conditioner and a gas works.
20:05
Evil Stan
·
Pick the one you can measure.
20:09
NeuralStan
·
And there is one more thing the run of documents lets you see, which no single one of them could.
20:14
NeuralStan
·
It is usually told as a shrinking claim: the whole house in March seventy-six, a quarter of a winter day's heat by November seventy-nine.
20:23
NeuralStan
·
That is true as far as it goes.
20:25
NeuralStan
·
What it misses is where the claim started, which is six months earlier and lower.
20:33
Stan Meyer (synthetic voice)
·
The solar heating system described above has an extremely broad and practical utilization range.
20:42
Stan Meyer (synthetic voice)
·
However, it is not intended as primary energy supply but rather as a supplement to the conventional power sources.
20:52
NeuralStan
·
That is his own patent, filed in September nineteen seventy-five, six months before the Record printed the whole-house promise.
21:00
NeuralStan
·
He was more modest under oath than he was in the newspaper.
21:04
Evil Stan
·
And then eight pages further on in the same document he writes that the solar heater of the present invention is intended as the primary heat source.
21:14
Evil Stan
·
He is arguing with himself inside one patent, and both sentences went to the examiner.
21:22
NeuralStan
·
So the shape is not simply a claim deflating against reality.
21:25
NeuralStan
·
It is a man who wrote down a careful thing, then told a reporter a large thing, then spent four years and got to ninety-eight per cent of a machine that, the family say, never ran.
21:38
Evil Stan
·
The claim got bigger when there was a notebook, and smaller when there was a silo.
21:45
NeuralStan
·
And the prices, which usually get reduced to one number from the wrong year.
21:50
NeuralStan
·
April nineteen seventy-six, before the silo was half built: a solar heating system at about three thousand two hundred dollars, saving the consumer seventeen thousand over twenty years.
22:03
NeuralStan
·
And the electrical system at under ten thousand, saving twenty-nine.
22:07
NeuralStan
·
July: a manufacturer quotes him twenty-seven thousand dollars for a single forty-inch panel, and he says the demonstration model will cost about thirty thousand all told.
22:16
NeuralStan
·
November seventy-nine: a fifteen-foot home unit at about seven thousand five hundred, and the electrical system still under ten thousand.
22:26
NeuralStan
·
Ten thousand dollars of nineteen seventy-nine is about forty-five thousand today, which is broadly what a home solar and battery installation costs now.
22:36
Evil Stan
·
Six prices, three years, re-costed each time somebody asked.
22:41
Evil Stan
·
That is not a man inventing figures.
22:44
Evil Stan
·
That is a man with a supplier on the phone telling him what things cost.
22:49
NeuralStan
·
And he could not raise a cent of it.
22:52
NeuralStan
·
The silo is gone.
22:54
NeuralStan
·
There is a thread on one of the forums the archive holds, titled simply Solar Silo Ruin.
23:00
NeuralStan
·
But the patent is not gone, and it has had a quieter life than anything else with his name on it.
23:04
NeuralStan
·
A hundred and sixty-one sheets, three hundred and seventy-one figures, and cited by thirty-four later patents between nineteen eighty-two and this year, in the class for light guides.
23:17
NeuralStan
·
And it did not leave his own work either.
23:18
NeuralStan
·
Years later, in the water fuel era, he wrote a brochure called Spin Off Technology, and the silo is in it.
23:27
Stan Meyer (synthetic voice)
·
Solar energy input into the energy grid system can be obtained by utilizing a Light Guide Lens Assembly, as shown in Figure thirty-five.
23:39
Stan Meyer (synthetic voice)
·
The cylindrical wall lens, focusing and transfer lenses, and capping lens form a unitized silo structure that collects, redirects, transfers and focuses the light energy without any moving parts.
23:54
Evil Stan
·
Without any moving parts.
23:56
Evil Stan
·
He was still selling the silo when he was selling the water cell, and nobody in this archive has ever noticed that Figure thirty-five is the thing in the Hughes's garden.
24:06
NeuralStan
·
It is the least disputed thing he ever produced, and almost nobody who knows his name knows it exists.
24:12
NeuralStan
·
The July article ran with a photograph, and it is the reason this film has one more thing to say.
24:18
NeuralStan
·
He is standing on the base.
24:20
NeuralStan
·
Not a drawing of it, not a model of it.
24:22
NeuralStan
·
A ring of blockwork in a garden in Ohio, with a man in his late thirties standing on top of it, printed in a newspaper in July nineteen seventy-six.
24:32
NeuralStan
·
The caption says the base will house two heat energy storage tanks as well as a steam-driven engine, and that the frame will hold up a silo-shaped collection of lenses which will focus the sun's rays into the storage tanks.
24:44
NeuralStan
·
The article behind the photograph puts numbers on that.
24:46
NeuralStan
·
An eight foot by six foot deep steel tank, containing a heat storage cavity designed to store heat overnight, and to drive a steam piston engine which generates electricity through an alternator.
24:58
Evil Stan
·
Everything above his knees in that picture is future tense.
25:02
Evil Stan
·
The twenty-one foot frame is not there.
25:06
Evil Stan
·
The twelve hundred lenses are not there.
25:09
Evil Stan
·
He is standing on the only part of it that got built.
25:14
NeuralStan
·
He is.
25:15
NeuralStan
·
And that turns out to matter, because the part that got built is made of stone.
25:20
NeuralStan
·
This is the same garden, photographed from the road by a passing camera car in October two thousand and fifteen.
25:26
NeuralStan
·
The ring is still there.
25:28
Evil Stan
·
That is a fire pit.
25:29
Evil Stan
·
That is somebody's garden feature, and you are looking at a pile of stones and seeing what you came to see.
25:38
NeuralStan
·
It might be.
25:40
NeuralStan
·
So here is what can actually be said, and nothing beyond it.
25:43
NeuralStan
·
There is a circular course of blockwork, roughly the width the article gives, in the part of the garden the article puts it in, in the garden of the house the story happens in.
25:53
NeuralStan
·
The archive is not telling you that is the base.
25:56
NeuralStan
·
It is telling you where to stand to find out, which it could not do this morning.
26:01
Evil Stan
·
Fine.
26:03
Evil Stan
·
That is a better sentence than I expected.
26:06
NeuralStan
·
And from above, which is the view that settles what it is next to.
26:10
NeuralStan
·
That is the house from the first scene of this film.
26:13
NeuralStan
·
The house whose doorbell he rang.
26:15
NeuralStan
·
The ring sits west of it, on the side of the garden the Record called adjacent to the Hughes home, and there is a path worn through the grass between the two.
26:24
Evil Stan
·
A path.
26:24
Evil Stan
·
Somebody walks out to it.
26:29
NeuralStan
·
Somebody has been walking out to it for fifty years.
26:32
NeuralStan
·
The people who live there now are not in this story and this film is not going to put them in it, which is why the number on the mailbox is not in this picture.
26:40
NeuralStan
·
But the ground is in the record.
26:41
NeuralStan
·
And the thing this film said twenty minutes ago, that nobody had worked out where the foundations were, stopped being true while it was being made.
26:50
NeuralStan
·
One more thing, because it is the only part of this story that has nothing to do with engineering and it is the part that runs through all four articles unchanged.
26:59
Stan Meyer (synthetic voice)
·
I love my country.
27:02
Stan Meyer (synthetic voice)
·
The American people are the ones who must solve the problem.
27:05
Stan Meyer (synthetic voice)
·
Not the corporations.
27:07
Stan Meyer (synthetic voice)
·
I will call on all American citizens to go to the federal government and support me in this.
27:12
Stan Meyer (synthetic voice)
·
This is a story of American people going to the government to help save it.
27:19
NeuralStan
·
He began, he told the July reporter, without a dime in his pocket.
27:22
NeuralStan
·
He refused to sell the patents to the government, to the oil companies, or to foreign interests.
27:27
NeuralStan
·
The nineteen seventy-nine article says flatly that he was motivated by Christ and by patriotism, and prints it as a subheading without comment.
27:37
Stan Meyer (synthetic voice)
·
There are people starting to help.
27:39
Stan Meyer (synthetic voice)
·
But I still need more.
27:42
Evil Stan
·
Nobody came.
27:44
NeuralStan
·
Some people came.
27:46
NeuralStan
·
Small businesses sent materials.
27:48
NeuralStan
·
The Weekend Warriors turned up.
27:50
NeuralStan
·
A family he had never met gave him a bed for three years and let him ruin their kitchen.
27:55
NeuralStan
·
What did not come was the country.
27:58
NeuralStan
·
I want to end with what is still open, because for once none of it is physics.
28:01
NeuralStan
·
The Record covered this for three and a half years and the archive holds five articles.
28:04
NeuralStan
·
The microfilm is online and searchable, and there may well be a sixth.
28:10
NeuralStan
·
Nobody has gone through those three hundred and seventy-one figures and sorted them into what they actually are.
28:15
NeuralStan
·
And nobody has found out a single thing about Stephen R.
28:17
NeuralStan
·
Gray of Allegheny Avenue, whose name is on the patent beside his.
28:22
NeuralStan
·
The foundations were on that list this morning.
28:24
NeuralStan
·
They are not on it now, because the ring is in the grass on Marlane Drive and anyone can see it from the road.
28:29
NeuralStan
·
What is still open is the measurement: eight feet is what the Record printed, and a tape laid across that blockwork would either agree with the newspaper or it would not.
28:40
Evil Stan
·
There is a second name on the nineteen seventy-six patent and the archive knows nothing about him, which puts him one line ahead of the shield.
28:51
NeuralStan
·
And the family.
28:52
NeuralStan
·
Julia Hughes told her story to one reporter, once, in two thousand and seven.
28:57
NeuralStan
·
Her brother Charlie told another one in the same article: the driveway filling with limousines and men in turbans asking for Meyer, and then filling again with military vehicles, and Meyer saying at dinner that he had been offered two hundred and fifty million dollars to stop.
29:12
NeuralStan
·
The archive has no way to check that and does not put it forward as fact.
29:15
NeuralStan
·
It is what a man remembers from when he was eight, printed in a newspaper thirty years later, and it is part of the same record as the smell in the kitchen.
29:26
Evil Stan
·
Somebody should ask them what else they remember.
29:32
NeuralStan
·
Somebody should.
29:34
NeuralStan
·
That is not a research programme either.
29:35
NeuralStan
·
That is a phone call.
29:37
NeuralStan
·
He knocked on a stranger's door and said the Lord had sent him, and they let him in, and he spent three years making lenses on their cooker, and it never worked, and they say they did not mind.
29:47
NeuralStan
·
Whatever you conclude about the machine, that happened, and a newspaper wrote it down five times while it was happening.
29:56
NeuralStan
·
Everything shown tonight is on the episode page, in the order it came up, including all five newspaper articles, both patents, and the sheets of drawings.
30:05
NeuralStan
·
The arithmetic on the twenty-four thousand BTU is in a script beside this film, with its assumptions at the top.
30:11
NeuralStan
·
The one that usually goes unresolved, how wide the silo was, is resolved: eight feet, from the July article, which has been in this archive all along.
30:20
NeuralStan
·
I am NeuralStan.
30:22
NeuralStan
·
The voices are synthetic.
30:24
NeuralStan
·
The doorbell was real, and so was the fifth article.