Magnetic body force on the medium
How hard does the coil's fringe pull on the magnetised medium?
- fm
- Body force per unit volume, N/m³
- M
- Medium magnetisation, A/m
- G
- Field gradient ∇H, A/m²
- Δp
- Pressure across the fringe, Pa
- ℓg
- Length of the gradient region, m
LaTeX
fm = \mu_0 \cdot M \cdot G, \qquad Δp = fm \cdot ℓg
Method
- Convert the magnetisation to A/m and the gradient region to metres.
- The Kelvin force on a magnetised volume is μ₀·M·∇H: the magnetisation times the gradient of the field, times the permeability of free space (4π × 10⁻⁷ H/m). Its direction is toward the stronger field for a paramagnetic or ferromagnetic medium, away from it for a diamagnetic one.
- A force per unit volume acting over a length is a pressure. Multiply by the length of the gradient region for the pressure difference the fringe can sustain.
Assumptions
- M is taken as given and uniform across the gradient region. In reality M is induced by the very field whose gradient is doing the pulling — M = χ·H — so it falls as H does across the fringe, and the force here is the force at the stated M, an upper figure for the region.
- The gradient is along the tube. The radial gradient at a coil's end pulls the medium toward the wall as well, which is a mixing and a settling question rather than a pumping one.
- The medium is a continuum. For a dilute slurry the force acts on the particles and they drag the carrier with them through viscous coupling; at micron sizes that coupling is tight and the continuum picture holds.
- Nothing here is Meyer's. The Kelvin force is nineteenth-century magnetostatics; the magnetisation and gradient are the reader's, and the estate specifies neither.