0:00
NeuralStan
·
This is The Bounce Is Real, an episode made by the archive at Stan's Legacy.
0:05
NeuralStan
·
I am NeuralStan, and I am a machine, not a man.
0:09
NeuralStan
·
Two episodes ago I put Meyer's invented words next to the standard ones they replaced.
0:14
NeuralStan
·
Every entry had an equivalent except one.
0:16
NeuralStan
·
Beside the Electron Bounce Phenomenon I wrote: nothing standard.
0:20
NeuralStan
·
This one is his.
0:23
Evil Stan
·
And?
0:23
Evil Stan
·
Have you found it?
0:26
NeuralStan
·
I have found two things, and he is right about both of them.
0:30
Evil Stan
·
Two!
0:31
Evil Stan
·
Say that again, slowly.
0:34
NeuralStan
·
Here is his drawing, and here is his mechanism in his own words.
0:39
Stan Meyer (synthetic voice)
·
Magnetic Field Coupling causes and produces copper ions, positive charged atoms having missing electrons, when moving external electromagnetic field strength is sufficient enough to dislodge electromagnetically charged electrons from copper atoms making up copper wire material.
0:57
NeuralStan
·
So: the changing magnetic field tears electrons off the copper.
1:00
NeuralStan
·
The stripped atoms pile up at one end as a positive voltage, the loose electrons at the other as a negative one.
1:05
NeuralStan
·
Then the two chokes trap them, one refusing to let them out and the other refusing to let any more in.
1:12
NeuralStan
·
And before we take that apart, he says it again, out loud, at an evening workshop, and the spoken version is more precise than the written one.
1:21
Stan Meyer (synthetic voice)
·
The electron of the copper atom, the farthest one away.
1:24
Stan Meyer (synthetic voice)
·
The external magnetic field, when it's greater in intensity, then the electron will pluck it out, just like voltage will do so.
1:32
Stan Meyer (synthetic voice)
·
And as a result, you now have created current flow in one direction.
1:39
Evil Stan
·
The farthest one away.
1:41
Evil Stan
·
That is the outermost electron, which is the one that is already loose, and the result is current in one direction.
1:48
Evil Stan
·
Which is an induced electromotive force with the nouns changed.
1:55
NeuralStan
·
Which is a much better claim than the written one, and it is the one we should test.
1:58
NeuralStan
·
He calls the trapping the Electron Bounce Phenomenon, and the whole amp-inhibiting argument rests on it.
2:05
NeuralStan
·
Before we go further, a question.
2:06
NeuralStan
·
What is a copper wire actually made of?
2:09
NeuralStan
·
Not chemically.
2:10
NeuralStan
·
Structurally.
2:10
NeuralStan
·
What is holding it together?
2:15
NeuralStan
·
In a metal, every copper atom has already given up one of its electrons.
2:18
NeuralStan
·
Permanently.
2:19
NeuralStan
·
What is left behind is a lattice of positive copper ions, sitting in a sea of loose electrons that belong to no atom in particular and wander freely through the whole piece.
2:30
NeuralStan
·
That is the metallic bond, and it is the reason metals conduct electricity, and shine, and bend instead of shattering.
2:37
NeuralStan
·
It is not a state you put copper into.
2:39
NeuralStan
·
It is what copper is.
2:43
Evil Stan
·
Wait.
2:45
Evil Stan
·
Positive ions.
2:47
Evil Stan
·
In a sea of loose electrons.
2:49
Evil Stan
·
That is his picture.
2:54
NeuralStan
·
It is his picture exactly, and it is already true before he switches anything on.
2:58
NeuralStan
·
One choke's worth of wire holds about five point five times ten to the twenty-three free electrons, and they were free before he plugged it in.
3:06
NeuralStan
·
So the written sentence asks the magnetic field to make something that is already there.
3:11
NeuralStan
·
But the spoken one does not.
3:13
NeuralStan
·
It says the field pushes the electron that is already loose, and that the result is current in one direction, and that is Faraday's law with the wrong nouns.
3:23
Evil Stan
·
Faraday's law with the wrong nouns is a much smaller crime than inventing a mechanism.
3:28
Evil Stan
·
And his own chapter finishes the job: he says the separation stops when the field stops changing.
3:37
Stan Meyer (synthetic voice)
·
Once Secondary Coil-winding fifty-two is de-energized by the removal, collapsing magnetic field during pulse off-time T two, the dislodged electrons return, terminating and switching off opposite voltage potential.
3:52
NeuralStan
·
The voltage exists while the field is changing and vanishes when it stops.
3:55
NeuralStan
·
That is induction, described correctly, in the chapter everybody reads for the mistake in the sentence before it.
4:01
NeuralStan
·
Could the field pull a second electron off anyway?
4:03
NeuralStan
·
Briefly, no, and the arithmetic is quick.
4:07
NeuralStan
·
Copper's next electron costs seven point seven three electron volts.
4:12
NeuralStan
·
Twenty kilovolts spread along three hundred metres of winding is under a hundred volts per metre inside the wire, and an electron travels about thirty-nine nanometres before it hits something, so it collects a couple of millionths of an electron volt.
4:27
Evil Stan
·
Two millionths against seven point seven.
4:32
Evil Stan
·
Short by three and a half million times.
4:35
NeuralStan
·
Short by three and a half million.
4:36
NeuralStan
·
And there is a small cruelty in it: the field inside a wire is weak precisely because the wire conducts.
4:40
NeuralStan
·
The free electrons shuffle in picoseconds to cancel it.
4:44
NeuralStan
·
The better his copper is at being copper, the less of his voltage survives inside it.
4:52
NeuralStan
·
But it does not need to make new ions.
4:54
NeuralStan
·
It only needs to push the ones that are already there, and that is what the next four minutes are about.
4:59
NeuralStan
·
He has a name for the pile-up too.
5:02
NeuralStan
·
Electron clustering, within the copper wire zone, during pulse on-time.
5:07
NeuralStan
·
And charge really can pile up, because that is what a capacitor is.
5:09
NeuralStan
·
But how much is not a matter of opinion.
5:12
NeuralStan
·
It is Q equals C times V, and the only capacitance available is the coil's own, which he drew, in figure seven dash three, as the capacitors between the turns.
5:25
Evil Stan
·
Electron clustering is what the physics department calls a capacitor, and what everyone else calls the reason the door handle bit you.
5:34
NeuralStan
·
And for once we do not have to estimate it.
5:36
NeuralStan
·
In two thousand and nine, somebody put an L C R meter on an actual estate V I C transformer and read the capacitance of each choke on the core at ten kilohertz.
5:44
NeuralStan
·
A hundred and fifty-eight picofarads, and a hundred and eighty.
5:50
NeuralStan
·
Picofarads, not nanofarads.
5:53
NeuralStan
·
At twenty kilovolts that is about three microcoulombs, or twenty trillion electrons, which sounds enormous and is nothing: one electron in about thirty billion already sitting in that wire.
6:05
Evil Stan
·
So the other thirty billion just stay where they are.
6:09
NeuralStan
·
They stay exactly where they are.
6:12
NeuralStan
·
No lattice of ions forms, because almost all of the wire never noticed anything happened.
6:17
NeuralStan
·
Now the turn, and it is the reason this episode is called what it is.
6:22
NeuralStan
·
Do the electrons bounce?
6:24
NeuralStan
·
Before I answer — think about what alternating current actually is.
6:27
NeuralStan
·
The drive pushes one way.
6:29
NeuralStan
·
Then it reverses and pushes the other way.
6:32
NeuralStan
·
What does that do to the electrons?
6:38
NeuralStan
·
It bounces them.
6:39
NeuralStan
·
That is not an analogy and it is not a misreading.
6:41
NeuralStan
·
In alternating current the electron sea does not travel anywhere at all.
6:46
NeuralStan
·
It is shoved a little way, the pulse turns over, and it is shoved back.
6:52
Evil Stan
·
So he is right.
6:54
Evil Stan
·
He is right, and you have been building up to this for four minutes.
6:58
NeuralStan
·
He is right, and his word is better than the textbook's, which does not really have one.
7:02
NeuralStan
·
Here is the only thing he did not know: how far.
7:07
NeuralStan
·
At one milliamp and ten kilohertz, an electron is pushed two tenths of a nanometre before the pulse reverses and pushes it back.
7:12
NeuralStan
·
A copper atom is about a quarter of a nanometre across.
7:14
NeuralStan
·
The bounce is smaller than the atom it started next to.
7:20
NeuralStan
·
And the traffic jam he describes, is that real too?
7:24
NeuralStan
·
It is, and it is the ordinary condition of every wire in your house.
7:27
NeuralStan
·
In twenty-nine gauge copper, which is what the estate transformer is wound with, a full amp drifts at about a millimetre a second.
7:34
NeuralStan
·
At the milliamps Meyer says he works in, a micron a second.
7:41
Evil Stan
·
At one milliamp an electron crosses the choke in about seven years.
7:45
Evil Stan
·
His patent ran seventeen.
7:48
Evil Stan
·
The electrons that set off when he filed were less than half way along when it expired.
7:55
NeuralStan
·
Meanwhile the signal, the news that the voltage has changed, crosses the same wire at about two thirds the speed of light.
8:01
NeuralStan
·
The wire knows in under two microseconds.
8:04
NeuralStan
·
The electrons find out over the following seven years.
8:07
NeuralStan
·
This is why the light comes on the instant you flip the switch, even though the electrons in the cable are barely moving.
8:13
NeuralStan
·
It is one of the genuinely strange facts about electricity, it is true of the lamp above your head, and Meyer noticed it without being told.
8:20
NeuralStan
·
Something is holding the current back.
8:23
NeuralStan
·
He says it is the choke's field locking onto the electrons' own fields.
8:27
NeuralStan
·
What is it really?
8:29
NeuralStan
·
It is the choke, and he is right that it is the choke.
8:31
NeuralStan
·
A coil cannot let its own magnetic field change without generating a voltage that fights the change.
8:37
NeuralStan
·
V equals L, d i by d t, and the faster you change it the harder it pushes back.
8:46
Evil Stan
·
Which is where the twenty-five thousand volts comes from.
8:50
Evil Stan
·
Stop ten milliamps in a hundred nanoseconds through a quarter-henry choke and out comes twenty-five kilovolts.
8:57
Evil Stan
·
I can do that with a relay.
8:59
NeuralStan
·
You cannot, and neither can he, and this is worth getting right because builders try to reproduce it.
9:04
NeuralStan
·
A real coil has its own capacitance, and when you interrupt the current the energy rings into that capacitance instead of climbing forever.
9:11
NeuralStan
·
The peak is the current times the square root of L over C, and nothing you do to the edge beats it.
9:18
NeuralStan
·
For the estate coil, one point two two henries against a hundred and sixty picofarads, that square root is eighty-nine thousand ohms.
9:26
NeuralStan
·
So ten milliamps gives about nine hundred volts.
9:29
NeuralStan
·
To see twenty kilovolts you have to interrupt about two hundred and twenty-five milliamps.
9:37
Evil Stan
·
Which is a specification rather than a disappointment.
9:39
Evil Stan
·
It tells a builder what current their coil has to be carrying before the kickback is worth anything.
9:47
NeuralStan
·
And there is a second source that the chapter names and almost nobody quotes, which is the drawing on the left.
9:52
NeuralStan
·
Primary, secondary and both chokes are on one closed core.
9:55
NeuralStan
·
He says the voltage is the sum of the potentials developed across each pickup coil, and his equation thirty says the inductances add with twice the mutual term.
10:07
NeuralStan
·
Three windings on one core, phased to aid.
10:10
NeuralStan
·
That is where most of the voltage comes from, and he wrote it down at the top of the chapter that everybody reads for the sentence about copper ions.
10:19
NeuralStan
·
And now the question that decides everything after this, which is: which wire is in your hand?
10:27
Evil Stan
·
Memo four twenty-six says eleven thousand six hundred ohms of stainless.
10:33
Evil Stan
·
Memo four twenty-nine says five thousandths of an ohm a foot.
10:38
Evil Stan
·
The coil in the estate says seventy-seven.
10:42
Evil Stan
·
Three numbers, one man, one wire, and the multimeter is the only one of the three that was ever in the room.
10:49
NeuralStan
·
And the two memos are not actually fighting, because four twenty-nine draws both.
10:53
NeuralStan
·
Figure ten dash four is a dual-layered spool: magnet-wire stages, which is copper, stacked with stainless stages, and the stainless placed nearest the water gap.
11:04
Stan Meyer (synthetic voice)
·
Stainless Steel bifilar Coil-Stage Assembly is electrically placed between Magnet Coil-Stage Assembly and Water Gap to obtain optimum Voltage to Amp Differential Ratio.
11:18
NeuralStan
·
So the copper does the inductance and the stainless does the resistance, in series, and the ratio between them is his tuning knob.
11:24
NeuralStan
·
It was never copper or stainless.
11:26
NeuralStan
·
It was how many turns of each.
11:31
Evil Stan
·
And the one transformer anybody has actually metered has no stainless stage at all.
11:36
Evil Stan
·
Every winding on it is twenty-nine gauge, and the chokes read seventy-seven and seventy ohms, which is copper by arithmetic: twenty-nine gauge stainless at seventy-seven ohms would be twenty-seven feet of wire, and twenty-seven feet of wire cannot make seventy-six millihenries.
12:04
NeuralStan
·
Which matters for the next three minutes, because the cost of this circuit depends entirely on which coil you are holding.
12:11
NeuralStan
·
Suppose you do wind the stainless stage.
12:14
NeuralStan
·
What does a magnetic wire change?
12:16
NeuralStan
·
First, something in his favour.
12:18
NeuralStan
·
Push alternating current through a magnetic conductor and it crowds towards the surface, and a magnetic wire makes that much worse.
12:23
NeuralStan
·
You would expect his wire to suffer.
12:25
NeuralStan
·
It does not.
12:26
NeuralStan
·
At ten kilohertz the skin depth in four thirty F R is about a hundred and forty microns, and the wire's radius is seventy-six.
12:33
NeuralStan
·
The current is using all of it.
12:39
Evil Stan
·
So the thin wire saved him.
12:41
Evil Stan
·
Which is worth saying, because he writes about skin effect constantly, and calls it the Surface Polarity Effect, and in this wire at these frequencies it is one of the few things not happening.
12:52
NeuralStan
·
What the magnetic wire really does is two things, and they pull against each other.
12:57
NeuralStan
·
It raises the inductance, because the wire itself becomes part of the magnetic path rather than sitting in it, which is exactly what he said he wanted.
13:06
NeuralStan
·
And it raises the loss, through hysteresis and through eddy currents inside the wire.
13:13
NeuralStan
·
Which he drew.
13:14
NeuralStan
·
It is R p, across each choke on figure seven dash eight, and it is the cost of his own material choice, put on the page with everything else.
13:23
Evil Stan
·
One property, both effects.
13:26
Evil Stan
·
It stores more and it wastes more.
13:29
Evil Stan
·
And the thing that decides which wins is a single number that your meter already prints.
13:36
NeuralStan
·
One thing I am deliberately not doing tonight, and I want to say so rather than have you wonder.
13:42
NeuralStan
·
While all this is happening in the copper, something is also happening in the water — the ions, the double layer, where the voltage actually lands.
13:49
NeuralStan
·
That has had two films already.
13:51
NeuralStan
·
Episode eleven measured how far an ion can move inside one pulse, which is not far.
13:57
NeuralStan
·
Episode fourteen found that most of the voltage is taken by a layer of water three tenths of a nanometre thick against each plate, and not by the bulk at all.
14:08
NeuralStan
·
The metal and the water run on timescales that barely overlap, which is why they get separate episodes.
14:12
NeuralStan
·
Tonight is the metal.
14:17
Evil Stan
·
Fine.
14:18
Evil Stan
·
But I want the water one again at some point.
14:21
NeuralStan
·
There are two more coming.
14:23
NeuralStan
·
Which brings us to the question that settles it, and it is one you can answer on a bench this week.
14:28
NeuralStan
·
If the electrons are only bounced and never consumed, the circuit should draw almost nothing.
14:32
NeuralStan
·
So here is the honest accounting.
14:34
NeuralStan
·
Energy pushed into a coil's magnetic field really does come back when the field collapses.
14:39
NeuralStan
·
That part is free, and Meyer is right that it is free.
14:43
NeuralStan
·
Energy turned into heat in a resistance does not come back, ever.
14:48
NeuralStan
·
Both go as the square of the current, so the ratio between them never changes with current.
14:53
NeuralStan
·
And that ratio is not something you have to trust anybody about, because it has a name and your meter already reports it.
14:58
NeuralStan
·
Per cycle, the resistance burns two pi divided by Q of what the field is holding.
15:05
NeuralStan
·
Take memo four twenty-six's stainless choke.
15:08
NeuralStan
·
Eleven point six kilohms, two hundred and fifty millihenries.
15:11
NeuralStan
·
At a kilohertz its Q is nought point one four, so the wire burns forty-six times what the bounce carries.
15:19
NeuralStan
·
At ten milliamps that is over two watts of heat.
15:22
NeuralStan
·
Now take the coil somebody actually measured.
15:24
NeuralStan
·
On the core, at a kilohertz, the meter reported one thousand two hundred and eighteen millihenries at a Q of sixty-nine point five.
15:31
NeuralStan
·
Two pi over that is nought point zero nine.
15:34
NeuralStan
·
The bounce carries eleven times what the wire burns, and the heat at ten milliamps is twenty-two milliwatts.
15:42
Evil Stan
·
Forty-six to one against him, or eleven to one for him, and the difference is which coil you wound.
15:50
Evil Stan
·
That is not a verdict about Stanley Meyer.
15:53
Evil Stan
·
That is a shopping decision.
15:57
NeuralStan
·
And the useful part is that you do not need this chart.
15:59
NeuralStan
·
Put your choke on an L C R meter, read the Q, and divide two pi by it.
16:03
NeuralStan
·
That is the ratio, directly, for your own coil, at your own frequency.
16:09
NeuralStan
·
And it is worth saying where those readings come from, because they answer more of this chapter than the chapter does.
16:16
Evil Stan
·
Don Gabel measured the coil at four frequencies, on the core and off it, and wrote n slash a where the meter gave up.
16:23
Evil Stan
·
That is more data than the memo and this film put together, and it has been on the site the whole time.
16:32
NeuralStan
·
Loose, off the core, seventy-six millihenries.
16:37
NeuralStan
·
On the core, twelve hundred and eighteen.
16:40
NeuralStan
·
A factor of sixteen, which is what a laminated core does and is the difference between calculating a coil and measuring one.
16:47
NeuralStan
·
And look at the fourth row, because it is the one nobody uses.
16:50
NeuralStan
·
The choke's own capacitance on the core, at ten kilohertz, is a hundred and fifty-eight picofarads.
16:54
NeuralStan
·
Put that with one point two two henries and the coil is self-resonant at about eleven kilohertz.
17:03
Evil Stan
·
Which is why the meter printed n slash a for the inductance at ten kilohertz.
17:08
Evil Stan
·
It was sitting on the coil's own resonance and could not get a reading.
17:15
NeuralStan
·
And which gives a physical reason for Meyer's band that needs no theory about water at all.
17:19
NeuralStan
·
He says one kilohertz up to and beyond ten.
17:22
NeuralStan
·
Just under eleven kilohertz is exactly where this coil's impedance peaks, which is where it inhibits amps best.
17:28
NeuralStan
·
His band is the coil's band.
17:33
NeuralStan
·
Let me put the score up, because it is better than the reputation of this document suggests.
17:38
NeuralStan
·
Electrons bounce rather than flow: right, and that is simply what alternating current is.
17:44
NeuralStan
·
There is a traffic jam in the wire: right, and permanent.
17:48
NeuralStan
·
The choke temporarily blocks them: right, and that is inductance.
17:53
NeuralStan
·
And the fourth one, which no reading of this chapter usually credits him with: the voltage is the sum of the electromotive forces of the windings on the shared core.
18:03
NeuralStan
·
He wrote that in the first paragraph, with an equation under it, and it is correct.
18:09
NeuralStan
·
What he missed is the mechanism underneath the first sentence.
18:12
NeuralStan
·
The field does not ionise the copper, because the copper is already ionised; that is what makes it a metal.
18:18
Evil Stan
·
Four and a half out of six.
18:19
Evil Stan
·
Alone.
18:20
Evil Stan
·
With nobody to ask.
18:25
NeuralStan
·
And the last row is not a mark against him at all.
18:27
NeuralStan
·
The current does cost something, and what it costs is two pi over Q, and Q is a number on a meter.
18:33
NeuralStan
·
That is not a verdict.
18:34
NeuralStan
·
It is a measurement he never had the instrument to take.
18:40
NeuralStan
·
So here is what to actually do, and there is already a table to compare your answers with.
18:46
NeuralStan
·
First, your choke on an L C R meter, at a kilohertz, five and ten.
18:48
NeuralStan
·
Three numbers each time: inductance, resistance and Q.
18:52
NeuralStan
·
The Q is the one that answers this whole film, because two pi over it is the ratio we spent the last five minutes on.
19:01
NeuralStan
·
Second, the capacitance between the two choke windings with both far ends open.
19:05
NeuralStan
·
That is the number nobody has, and it decides how hard the kickback can possibly kick.
19:11
NeuralStan
·
Third, the input power, and here the obvious instrument has to go.
19:14
NeuralStan
·
Do not use a clamp meter.
19:16
NeuralStan
·
It reads current rather than power, and on a narrow unipolar pulse train an average-responding clamp will give you a number that is not either.
19:23
NeuralStan
·
Put a measuring capacitor in series and take the scope in X-Y; the area of the loop is the energy per cycle.
19:31
Evil Stan
·
And fourth, the switch-off edge, on the scope.
19:37
Evil Stan
·
If the spike is there you have photographed the bounce, the real one, the inductive one, and you can get the inductance from its height.
19:46
Evil Stan
·
If it is not there, your coil is not interrupting enough current to make one.
19:53
NeuralStan
·
Compare all four with the two thousand and nine table, which is on the site.
19:56
NeuralStan
·
If your coil is nothing like it, that is a finding too, and it means there is more than one kind of V I C in the world.
20:04
NeuralStan
·
What is still open, and it is a shorter list than it used to be.
20:09
NeuralStan
·
Nobody has metered a stainless choke at all.
20:11
NeuralStan
·
The copper half of that experiment was done in two thousand and nine; the other half is one bobbin and an afternoon, and it would settle three episodes of this series.
20:21
NeuralStan
·
Nobody has measured the capacitance between the two choke windings.
20:25
NeuralStan
·
Nobody has wound the same turns in copper and in four thirty F on the same core and compared them.
20:32
Evil Stan
·
And the archive should look at itself here, because its own two records of the same transformer disagree.
20:38
Evil Stan
·
The readings page says every winding is twenty-nine gauge at about seventy-seven ohms.
20:46
Evil Stan
·
The matrix parts file says a hundred and twenty turns of eighteen gauge at a tenth of an ohm.
20:52
Evil Stan
·
Those are not the same coil.
20:57
NeuralStan
·
They are not, and one of them is a replica or a mislabel, and that is an afternoon for somebody with the parts in front of them rather than a meter.
21:07
NeuralStan
·
And the largest gap is still the simplest one.
21:09
NeuralStan
·
No builder has posted the power going in and the gas coming out, on the same bench, on the same day.
21:14
NeuralStan
·
Everything else in this film is a step towards that measurement.
21:18
NeuralStan
·
The chapter is on the site with every figure, and so is the workbook, and so is the arithmetic behind every number in this film.
21:26
NeuralStan
·
The Electron Bounce Phenomenon has no single standard equivalent, and that is because it is two things at once.
21:33
NeuralStan
·
It is what alternating current already is, and it is what an inductor already does.
21:36
NeuralStan
·
He found both of them on a bench, at the same time, and gave them one name because from where he was standing they looked like one thing.
21:45
Evil Stan
·
He gave one name to two things that live in the same coil.
21:51
Evil Stan
·
The textbook gives them two names and puts them in different chapters.
21:54
Evil Stan
·
On the bench there is only the one coil, and it does both at once, which is his point.
22:01
NeuralStan
·
They nearly are one thing.
22:03
NeuralStan
·
The distance is two tenths of a nanometre, and the bill still arrives.
22:06
NeuralStan
·
On the coil somebody actually measured, the bill is about nine per cent.
22:11
Evil Stan
·
Two tenths of a nanometre.
22:12
Evil Stan
·
And he called it a bounce.
22:17
NeuralStan
·
He called it a bounce.
22:18
NeuralStan
·
It is the best word anybody has for it.