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Wire Gauge Tables

Appendix C: Core Specifications

Reference specifications for magnetic cores commonly used in VIC choke design. Includes ferrite toroids, iron powder cores, and E-cores.

Core Material Overview

Material Type μᵣ Range Frequency Range Best For
MnZn Ferrite 800-10,000 1 kHz - 2 MHz High L, moderate f
NiZn Ferrite 15-1,500 500 kHz - 100 MHz High frequency
Iron Powder 8-100 10 kHz - 10 MHz High current, low cost
MPP (Molypermalloy) 14-550 DC - 1 MHz Low loss, stable
Kool Mµ 26-125 DC - 500 kHz High current, moderate loss
Air Core 1 Any No saturation, linear

Common Ferrite Materials

MnZn Ferrite Materials

Material μᵢ Bsat (mT) Frequency Notes
Fair-Rite 77 2000 480 <1 MHz General purpose, high μ
Fair-Rite 78 2300 480 <500 kHz Very high μ
TDK N87 2200 490 <500 kHz Popular, low loss
TDK N97 2300 410 <300 kHz Very low loss
Ferroxcube 3C90 2300 470 <200 kHz Low loss at high B
Ferroxcube 3F3 2000 440 <500 kHz Higher frequency

Iron Powder Core Mix Chart

Iron powder cores (Micrometals/Amidon) are identified by color code:

Mix Color μᵣ Frequency Range Application
-26 Yellow/White 75 DC - 1 MHz EMI/RFI filters
-2 Red/Clear 10 250 kHz - 10 MHz RF, resonant circuits
-6 Yellow/Clear 8.5 3 - 40 MHz Higher frequency
-1 Blue/Clear 20 500 kHz - 5 MHz Medium frequency
-3 Gray/Clear 35 50 kHz - 500 kHz Medium μ, low f
-52 Green/Blue 75 DC - 200 kHz High μ, DC bias

Common Toroid Sizes

FT (Ferrite Toroid) Series

Size OD (mm) ID (mm) H (mm) Aₗ (77 mat) Aₗ (43 mat)
FT-37 9.5 4.7 3.2 884 440
FT-50 12.7 7.1 4.8 1140 570
FT-82 21.0 13.0 6.4 2170 557
FT-114 29.0 19.0 7.5 2640 603
FT-140 35.5 23.0 12.7 3170 885
FT-240 61.0 35.5 12.7 4820 1075

Aₗ values in nH/turn². Highlighted sizes are commonly used for VIC chokes.

T (Iron Powder Toroid) Series

Size OD (mm) ID (mm) H (mm) Aₗ (-2 mix) Aₗ (-26 mix)
T-37 9.5 4.9 3.2 4.0 27
T-50 12.7 7.7 4.8 4.9 33
T-68 17.5 9.4 4.8 5.7 38
T-80 20.2 12.6 6.4 8.5 55
T-94 24.0 14.5 7.9 8.4 70
T-106 26.9 14.0 11.1 13.5 90
T-130 33.0 19.7 11.1 11.0 96
T-200 50.8 31.8 14.0 12.0 120

Inductance Calculations

Using Aₗ Value:

L (nH) = Aₗ × N²

N = √(L / Aₗ)

Example:

  • Want L = 10 mH = 10,000,000 nH
  • Using FT-240-77 (Aₗ = 4820 nH/turn²)
  • N = √(10,000,000 / 4820) = 45.6 turns
  • Use 46 turns for L ≈ 10.2 mH

Saturation Considerations

Saturation Flux Density (Bsat):

Material Type Bsat (mT)
MnZn Ferrite 400-500
NiZn Ferrite 250-350
Iron Powder 800-1000
MPP 750

Calculating Peak Flux:

B = (V × t) / (N × Ae)

Where Ae is effective core area. Keep B < 0.5 × Bsat for linear operation.

Temperature Effects

Material Curie Temp (°C) Max Operating (°C) μ vs. Temp
MnZn Ferrite 200-250 100-120 Peaks near 80°C, then drops
NiZn Ferrite 300-500 150 Relatively stable
Iron Powder 770 (iron) 125 (coating limited) Stable

Core Selection Guide for VIC

For Primary Choke (L1):

  • Moderate L (1-50 mH typical)
  • Moderate current handling
  • Consider: FT-82-77, FT-114-77, T-106-26

For Secondary Choke (L2):

  • May need higher L (10-100 mH) for high Q
  • Lower current typically
  • Consider: FT-140-77, FT-240-77

For High Frequency (>100 kHz):

  • Use lower-μ materials to maintain SRF margin
  • Consider: Iron powder -2 or -6 mix, NiZn ferrite

Quick Reference: Turns Calculation

Desired L FT-82-77 FT-240-77 T-106-26
1 mH 21 turns 14 turns 105 turns
5 mH 48 turns 32 turns 236 turns
10 mH 68 turns 46 turns 333 turns
25 mH 107 turns 72 turns 527 turns
50 mH 152 turns 102 turns 745 turns

Approximate values. Verify with actual Aₗ from manufacturer datasheet.