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NeuralStan
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This is Twice the Pulse, part 4 of The Textbook Behind the V, I, C, made by the archive at Stan's Legacy.
0:05
NeuralStan
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I am NeuralStan, and I am a machine, not a man.
0:11
NeuralStan
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Two other synthetic voices speak.
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NeuralStan
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Stan Meyer's is cloned from thirty seconds of him speaking in nineteen eighty-five.
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NeuralStan
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The other speaks for Charles Steinmetz, the electrical engineer; the archive knows of no recording of his voice, so it is a stock voice.
0:24
NeuralStan
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Each reads only words they wrote or said, and every one is cited.
0:28
NeuralStan
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This film is the centre of the series.
0:31
NeuralStan
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Stan Meyer's patent for the method of producing a fuel gas opens its first claim with one clause:
0:38
Stan Meyer (synthetic voice)
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Providing a capacitor, in which the water is included as a dielectric liquid between capacitor plates, in a resonant charging choke circuit that includes an inductance in series with the capacitor.
0:52
NeuralStan
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An inductance in series with the water capacitor.
0:55
NeuralStan
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The previous films looked at the transformer and at the water.
0:58
NeuralStan
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This one looks at what the choke between them does.
1:02
NeuralStan
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Meyer did not invent the name.
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NeuralStan
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In one of his memos he defined it, and cited the dictionary he took it from:
1:09
Stan Meyer (synthetic voice)
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Resonant Charging Choke is a Modulator Inductor which sets up an oscillation of a given charging frequency, the voltage pulsing rate, with the effective capacitance of a pulse-forming network in order to charge a line to high voltage.
1:26
NeuralStan
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That is the textbook definition of resonant charging, the method radar pulse modulators use to charge a line to high voltage through an inductor and a diode.
1:33
NeuralStan
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Notice the phrase a given charging frequency, the voltage pulsing rate.
1:37
NeuralStan
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It will turn out to be the condition that matters most.
1:43
NeuralStan
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Steinmetz stated the principle in nineteen hundred.
1:46
Charles Steinmetz (synthetic voice)
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Series inductance in a condenser circuit, and series condensance in an inductive circuit, cause a rise of potential.
1:54
NeuralStan
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A choke in series with a condenser raises the voltage on the condenser above the voltage applied.
1:58
NeuralStan
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That is the rise the voltage intensifier is named for, and it is standard alternating current engineering.
2:06
NeuralStan
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And the reason, in his book on transients:
2:11
Charles Steinmetz (synthetic voice)
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An oscillation can occur only with the existence of two energy-storing constants, as capacity and inductance, which permit a surge of energy from the one to the other, and therewith an overreaching.
2:25
NeuralStan
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Here is what the overreaching looks like.
2:28
NeuralStan
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Apply a pulse to a condenser through an inductor.
2:30
NeuralStan
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Current builds in the inductor as the condenser charges.
2:33
NeuralStan
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When the condenser reaches the pulse voltage, the push stops, but the inductor's current does not stop instantly, and it carries on charging the condenser past the pulse.
2:43
NeuralStan
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With no losses at all, the condenser stops at exactly twice the voltage applied.
2:49
NeuralStan
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Steinmetz meets the same limit in travelling waves on a transmission line.
2:54
Charles Steinmetz (synthetic voice)
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The maximum value to which the voltage can build up at a single transition point is twice the voltage of the incoming wave.
3:03
NeuralStan
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Fleming finds the same factor in the induction coil: with a condenser across the break of the primary, the current rebounds, and the electromotive force in the secondary is just double what it would be without it.
3:13
NeuralStan
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So the textbooks agree on the ceiling.
3:16
NeuralStan
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The voltage intensifier's gain is the transformer's turns ratio, times up to two from the choke.
3:22
NeuralStan
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But twice is not automatic.
3:25
NeuralStan
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The overreaching takes time, half of one ringing period of the choke and the condenser.
3:29
NeuralStan
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With Don Gabel's measured chokes, two point four henries on the core, and the one point five two nanofarads of Meyer's own cavity, half a ringing period is about a hundred and ninety microseconds.
3:42
NeuralStan
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This model shows one pulse, from rest, through the choke and a perfect diode.
3:46
NeuralStan
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With no leak, a pulse of a hundred and ninety microseconds or more takes the cell to twice.
3:50
NeuralStan
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A pulse of fifty microseconds gets it only to about eight tenths of the pulse height.
3:55
NeuralStan
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The pulse has to last long enough for the choke to finish its half swing.
4:00
NeuralStan
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That is exactly what Meyer's definition says: a given charging frequency, the voltage pulsing rate, set with the effective capacitance.
4:08
NeuralStan
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The pulse timing has to be matched to the choke and the cell.
4:12
NeuralStan
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Get it wrong, and the choke gives you nothing.
4:16
NeuralStan
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Meyer drew what he called step-charging, a voltage climbing in steps with each pulse.
4:22
NeuralStan
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The model shows where steps come from and where they stop.
4:24
NeuralStan
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With short pulses of thirty microseconds and no leak at all, each pulse adds a step, and each step is smaller than the last.
4:31
NeuralStan
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But they climb towards the height of the pulse, not above it, because each pulse can only push while the pulse is higher than the cell.
4:41
NeuralStan
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One pulse of the matched width, in blue, reaches twice at once, and the diode holds it there.
4:46
NeuralStan
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So the steps and the doubling are two different things.
4:49
NeuralStan
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The doubling comes from matching the pulse to the ring.
4:52
NeuralStan
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The steps come from pulses that are too short to do it in one.
4:57
NeuralStan
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The diode's job in all of this is to keep what the choke delivers.
5:01
NeuralStan
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Without it, the overshoot on the condenser swings straight back into the secondary, and the cell voltage rings around the pulse height instead of sitting above it.
5:08
NeuralStan
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In raum und zeit Meyer wrote that the blocking diode prevents electrical shorting to the secondary coil during pulse-off time, since it only conducts in the direction of the schematic arrow.
5:19
NeuralStan
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Steinmetz describes the general case, transients one after another through unidirectional conductors, where each new transient starts before the last has died.
5:30
Charles Steinmetz (synthetic voice)
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These transient terms may predominate to such an extent that the current essentially consists of a series of successive transient terms.
5:39
NeuralStan
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Now add the water.
5:41
NeuralStan
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With matched pulses and the leak of deionised water, the cell reaches one point four six times the pulse on the first stroke and about one point three on every stroke after, because the water drains most of each charge in the gap between pulses.
5:54
NeuralStan
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With ordinary distilled water it never reaches the pulse at all.
6:00
NeuralStan
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So the three conditions stack.
6:02
NeuralStan
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The choke can double the voltage.
6:04
NeuralStan
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The pulse width decides whether it does.
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NeuralStan
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And the water decides how much of it is kept.
6:10
NeuralStan
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So, what to measure.
6:12
NeuralStan
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First ring the loop: one short pulse into the choke and the cell, and time the swing on a scope.
6:16
NeuralStan
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Set your pulse width to half of it.
6:19
NeuralStan
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Then look across the cell for a peak above the pulse height.
6:22
NeuralStan
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Shorten the pulse and watch the peak fall.
6:25
NeuralStan
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Take the diode out and watch the overshoot swing back.
6:27
NeuralStan
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And change the water, writing the conductivity beside every peak.
6:33
NeuralStan
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The practical lesson of this film fits in one sentence.
6:36
NeuralStan
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Find the ring before you choose the pulse, because it is the timing, not the voltage, that makes the resonant charging choke work.
6:44
NeuralStan
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The next film takes Meyer's other claim for his chokes: that they restrict the amps while the voltage goes on the water.
6:50
NeuralStan
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The written tutorial and both textbooks are on the site.
6:52
NeuralStan
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The archive is at stanslegacy dot com.
6:55
NeuralStan
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Thank you for watching.
6:58
NeuralStan
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Every source in this film is in the archive.
7:01
NeuralStan
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The addresses are on the screen.
