Method and apparatus for collecting, intensifying and storing solar energy

Page 1bibliographic recordscan →

Page 2scan →

For the purposes of information only

plications under the PCT. AT Austria

AU Australia

BE Belgium

BG Bulgaria

BR Brazil cr Central African Republic cG Congo

CH Switzerland

CM Cameroon

DE Germany, Federal Republic of DK Denmark

Fi Finland

FR France

GA Gabon

GB United Kingdom

HU Hungary

JP Japan.

KP Democratic People’s Republic of Korea Codes used to identify States party to the PCT on the front pages of pamphlets publishing international ap- Republic of Corea

Liechtenstein

Sri Lanka

Luxembourg

Monaco

Madagaséar

Mauritania

Malawi

Netherlands

Norway

Romania

Sudan

Sweden

Senegal

Soviet Union

Chad

Togo

United States of America

Page 3scan →

Method and apparatus for collecting,

Intensifying and storing solar energy

Background of the Invention

This is a continuation-in-part application of copending United States patent application, Serial No. 06/057,733 entitled "Method and Apparatus for Collecting, Intensifying and Storing Solar Energy" filed in the United States Patent and Trademark

Office on July 16, 1979.

The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for storing solar energy and, more particularly, to a method and apparatus for collecting, intensifying, and storing solar energy for subsequent use. Heretofore, energy as a source of power has normally been collected by solar collector panels mounted on structures in open space through which fluid such as air or liquid passes for transferring the collected thermal heat to a storage chamber for subsequent use. These storage beds may take many different configurations, and one particular configuration utilized are rock beds that are positioned below the building. One problem with rock beds is that they are not a very efficient means of storing high temperatures. While these storage chambers heretofore utilized may be satisfactory for heating buildings and the like, they would not be satisfactory for operating power plants.

In United States Patent No. 4,056,093, there is disclosed a solar heating unit which includes a double wall boiler having a pair of spaced inner and outer hemispherical walls defining a closed chamber therebetween in which liquid that is to be heated is carried. Solar energy passes through a lens system for heating the liquid.

Page 4scan →

In United States Patent No. 4,043,315, there is disclosed an omni-directional solar heater collector having a transparent, spherical outer shell.

A spherical inner shell is carried within the outer shell and contains a plurality of light magnifying . lens spaced along the periphery thereof. A plurality of heat collecting elements is carried within the inner shell spaced from the magnifying lens so that maximum light and heat intensity focuses upon these elements.

In United States Patent Nos. 1,169,839, solar heaters and accumulators in which a liquid is heated by the rays of the sun utilizing lens systems and reflecting mirrors.

- One problem with the majority of the solar heaters heretofore utilized is that they do not generate and store temperatures of sufficient intensity for operation of power plants and the like during periods of time of darkness or during inclement weather when clouds and the like reduce the solar rays received by the collector.

| Summary of the Invention

A method and apparatus for collecting, intensifying, and storing thermal energy which includes a hollow spherical vessel having an interior wall. A window is provided in the wall of the vessel for allowing concentrated rays from the sun to enter into the interior of the vessel. A spherical container is centrally located within the vessel and has a solar collector carried thereon. The solar collector, in one particular embodiment, is conically shaped and has a substantially black (or selective coating) surface thereon for receiving and absorbing the rays passing through the window of the spherical

Bureag

Ompi

oy, WIPO 5 yessel. Heat absorbing means, in one particular embodiment, in the form of metal shots is carried in the spherical container for absorbing and storing the thermal energy collected by the solar collector causing radiant energy to be emitted from the spherical container. A polished reflective surface is carried on the interior wall of the spherical vessel for reflecting the radiant energy back to the spherical container intensifying the temperature of the heat absorbing means.

Normally, the heat absorbing means begins in a solid state; and as the intensity of the temperature supplied by the rays from the sun and the reflected radiant energy increases, it is changed from a solid to a liquid state. As a result of the radiant energy being reflected back and forth between the exterior wall of the spherical container and the interior wall of the vessel, the spherical container with the heat absorbing means therein is raised to very high temperatures. Transfer tubes are carried within the spherical container through which a heat transferring fluid passes for removing heat from the molten heat absorbing means for use as a source of thermal power. A vacuum is provided in the space between the external wall of the spherical vessel. A vacuum is also provided in the interior of the spherical container.

In another embodiment, heat is removed from the molten heat absorbing means by selectively opening a door for allowing radiant energy to pass therethrough and strike a radiant exchanger.

Accordingly, it is an important object of the present invention to provide a method and apparatus of producing a high intensity source of thermal power from solar energy.

Page 6scan →

Another important object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus for collecting, intensifying, and storing solar energy which is clean

‘and extremely simple in operation.

Still another important object of the present invention is to provide a power source which utilizes solar energy in combination with reflected radiant energy to produce a high intensity thermal supply. .

These and other objects and advantages of the invention will be come apparent upon reference to the following specification, attendant claims and drawings.

Brief Description of the Drawings

Figure 1 is a sectional view of a solar power source constructed in accordance with the présent invention.

Figure 2 is a sectional view of a modified form of the invention.

Figure 3 is a schematic illustration showing a solar cell constructed in accordance with the present invention being utilized for heating hot water and/or steam for residential or industrial use.

Figure 4 is a schematic illustration showing a solar cell constructed in accordance with the present invention being utilized in an industrial application such as a major power generation plant, and :

Figure 5 is a sectional view of a modified form of the invention.

Description of a Preferred Embodiment

Referring in more detail to the drawings, there is illustrated in Figure 1 a solar power ceil constructed in accordance with the present invention which includes a hollow spherical vessel 10 constructed of any suitable material such as stainless steel that has a reflective polished coating 12 provided on an interior wall thereof. This coating can be any 7 suitable highly reflective surface such as polished stainless steel or a mirror surface.

Carried within the spherical vessel 10 isa solar collector generally designated by the reference character 14, that will be referred to hereinafter as an emitter. The emitter includes a spherical member 16 that is filled with heat absorbing material 18. Adjacent one side of the spherical member 16 and extending into the interior thereof is a conical-shaped member 20 (or other desirable geometric shape) that has a closed bottom 22 adjacent the large diameter end thereof. The interior wall 24 of the conical-shaped member is coated with a substantially black (or selective surface) heat absorbing surface 24 which is provided for receiving and absorbing thermal energy.

The rays from the sun are directed by converging mirrors 26 through an iris assembly 28 which ~ can be opened and closed for controlling the flow of rays therethrough. A secondary mirror 30 reflects the concentrated rays of sunlight through an optical window 32 provided in the wall 10 of the spherical vessel. As the rays enter into the spherical vessel 10, they strike the black solar collecting surface 24 carried on the interior of the conical-shaped member which absorbs the thermal energy therefrom. This thermal energy is then transferred by means of conduction to the heat absorbing material 18 carried within the spherical container 16. The heat absorbing material may be in the form of metal shots which would become molten when the system is operational. Material such as aluminum, copper, brass, bronze, and other suitable metals would provide good stability, be non-stratifying, and possess good latent heat content characteristics.

Page 8scan →

The spherical container 16 has a low emissivity value and is placed in or near the center of the interior of the spherical vessel, and it is supported on a post 34. This post assembly 34 has

5 passages extending therethrough through which tubes 36 extend from outside of the spherical vessel 10 to the interior of the spherical container 16 providing communication with a coil or other transfer tube configurations 38 that are carried within the

10 container. Fluid flows through the tubes 36 and the transfer tubes 38 for transferring the stored thermal energy collected by the heat absorbing media 18 externally of the spherical vessel 10. The post 34 can be constructed of any suitable material that is a poor

15 conductor of heat so as to minimize the loss of thermal energy from the emitter outside of the spherical vessel. One suitable material is marionite.

In operation, the rays of the sun are focused by the mirror system through the optical window 32

20 to the substantially black collective surface 24 of the conical member 20. The metallic heat absorbing material 18 absorbs thermal energy from the conicalshaped member 20. As it absorbs the thermal energy, it radiates radiant energy radially outwardly there-

25 from, as shown by the broken arrows. This radiant energy is reflected back by the mirror surface 12 carried on the interior of the spherical vessel. As a result of the reflected radiant energy and the incoming solar energy passing through the window 32,

30the two sources of energy work in unison intensifying the temperature of the heat absorbing material 18, producing an intense source of thermal energy. In order to minimize heat losses, a vacuum is provided in the space between the emitter 14 and the interior

35wall of the spherical vessel 10. The interior of 9 the emitter is also evacuated of air.

Any suitable optical system can be utilized for concentrating the rays of sun and focusing | them on the collective surface 20. It has been found that parabolic mirrors can-be’ positioned for concentrating the sun's rays and directing them through the iris assembly. The purpose of the iris assembly is to regulate the amount of concentrated rays that are supplied to the interior of the spheri-~ cal vessel.

The spherical vessel, as previously mentioned, may be constructed of any suitable material such as stainless steel; and as a result of being spherical in shape, there is a high volume to surface ratio which minimizes heat losses to the outside, and it also tends to naturally focus reflective patterns of radiant heat to the center thereof for striking the emitter surface.

There are many suitable surface coatings 12 that can be utilized having satisfactory reflecting properties; and in one particular embodiment, a silver coating is utilized. However, it is to be understood that other coatings such as aluminum, gold, copper, radium, and platinum reflective coatings could also be utlized. Silicon monoxide coated over the silver will protect the reflective surface from the severe thermal environment encountered within the spherical vessel 10. To minimize heat losses, the exterior of the vessel is polished or coated producing a reflective surface.

In one particular embodiment, the coating on the interior of the conical member 20 is a carbon, however, other suitable low emissivity-type material such as pyrolytic graphite can be utilized for absorbing thermal energy. The fluid heat transfer 10 media that flows through the tubes 36 and the coil 38 may also be any suitable material such as Dowtherm, Therminol, liquid sodium, carbon dioxide, high pressure water, etc.

In order to increase the efficiency of storing thermal energy in the solar cell, the spherical vessel 10 can be concentrically located within another spherical vessel 40. The interior wall 42 of the spherical vessel 40 has a reflective coating similar to the reflective coating 12 provided on the interior wall of the spherical vessel 10 for reflecting the radiant energy back towards the emitter 14 as shown by the broken lines and arrows. A vacuum is also provided between the external surface of the vessel 10 and the interior surface of the spherical vessel 40. Like reference numberals are used for the same and similar elements. Multiple spherical vessels may also be utilized.

In Figure 4, the solar cell is illustrated as being utilized for heating water or generating steam in a tank for home consumption and industrial use. The solar cell can be relatively small when being used for heating water.

The heat transfer media is pumped through the tubes 36 by means of a pump 44. As the fluid passes through the coils 38, it absorbs thermal energy from the molten metal 18 and is conveyed through tubes to a coil 46 provided in a steam generating tank 48. As the heat transfer media is fed through the coil 46, it causes water 50 carried therein to boil to generate steam that is exhausted out pipe 52. The heat transfer media is carried within a closed tubular system extending between the pump 44 and the tank 48. A reservoir 54 is provided for supplying the heat transfer media to 11 the tubes 36. Makeup water is supplied through tube 56 to the steam generating tank 48.

In Figure 4, the solar cell is shown in an industrial application wherein the heat transfer media is fed through the tubes 36 to a steam generating tank 48. The output of the steam generating tank is, in turn, fed directly to a steam turbine 58 which drives a generator 60 for generating electrical power. Of course, it is to be understood that the solar cell could be utilized in many different industrial applications, and the application shown in Figures 3 and 4 are examples of such use. The entire assembly, such as illustrated in Figure 4, can be located underground so as to minimize thermal losses, or it can be carried within a concrete housing as--illustrated in Figure 3.

Energy can be removed from the molten metal 18 in other forms than thermal. For example, a thermocouple or thermonic generator can convert thermal energy to electrical energy for removal.

Referring in more detail to Figure 5 of the drawings, there is illustrated a modified form of the invention. The thermal storage apparatus includes an outer housing 70 which has a spherical upper portion. An opening is provided adjacent the top of the housing through which thermal energy is directed by any suitable means such as disclosed in Figure 1. The outer shell 70 may be constructed of any suitable material such as carbon steel. The

30 bottom portion of the outer shell terminates into a cylindrical housing 72.

Positioned and spaced from the outer shell 70 is an intermediate shell 74 wich is also spherical in shape, except adjacent the bottom thereof

35which terminates in a cylindrical housing 76.

Bukeay

WV. WiPO “

TERN a TION

Page 12scan →

Positioned between the outer shell 70 and . the inner shell 74 is diatomaceous earth 78 which has a K factor of .015.

An opening is provided in the upper surface of the intermediate shell in which a quartz window 80 is positioned for allowing the thermal rays to project therethrough and impinge upon a collector 82 carried within a spherical emitter 84. A vacuum is provided in the space between the emitter 84 and the intermediate shell 74, and it also extends into the upper portion of the emitter.

A metallic phase change medium 86 is carried within the emitter 84, and it can be any suitable material such as aluminum which goes from a solid state to a liquid state as it absorbs thermal energy from the collector 82 that floats on top thereof. The collector 82 is a fluid carbon black surface.

The outer surface of the emitter is a polished steel surface, and the inner surface of the intermediate layer 74 is also a polished surface. In one particular embodiment, mirror surfaces are provided instead of the polished reflective surfaces.

Positioned in the cylinder 76 below the spherical emitter 84 is a means for centrolling the transfer of radiant energy from the emitter generally designated by the reference character 88.

The means 88 includes a pair of hinged doors 88a and 88b which are selectively opened and closed by means of camming surfaces 88c that are, in turn, supported on top of a radiant exchanger 89 that is circular in shape and rests on a support plate 92. The radiant exchanger 89 is hollow so that any suitable fluid can be pumped therethrough for transferring heat 13 being absorbed thereby. The upper surface of the radiant exchanger is a black heat absorbing surface. Insulation 91 of any suitable type is carried on top of the rectangular shaped hinged’ doors 88a and 88b for preventing the transfer of radiant energy from the emitter 84 when the doors are closed. The support plate 92 is, in turn, supported on a piston rod 93 that extends out of a hydraulically or pneumatically operated cylinder 90. The cylinder 90 is a double-acting cylinder so that when pressurized fluid is fed into the bottom thereof, it forces the piston rod 93 upward causing the camming member 88c to. engage the bottom of the doors 88a and 88b opening the doors to permit radiant energy to pass therethrough. It can be seen that as the piston rod 93 is raised, the radiant exchanger 89 is moved vertically upwardly closer to the emitter 84.

Fluid such as water is pumped under pressure by means of a pump 94 through an inlet pipe 96. The fluid is pressurized by the pump 94 to a pressure of 60 p.s.i. The fluid exits from the radiant exchanger 89 through a pipe 98 and flows through a steam flow control valve 100. As the fluid passes through the radiant exchanger, it is heated from approximately 60°F. up to 250°F. This pressurized water then passes through the valve 100 and flashes into steam in the pipe 102. As it flashes into steam, it drops to a pressure of approximately 15 p.s.i. The steam then is fed through any suitable receiver such as a steam drum 104 and is fed out of the top through valves 106 to any suitable device for utilizing the steam. Any condensation collecting in the steam drum 104 is drained out the bottom through pipe 106 and is either fed back to a water reservoir 108 provided adjacent

Bureayg

2 ompi

4% WIPO ay

Tern a tions

Page 14scan →

the bottom of the structure or discharged.

The entire structure, as shown in Figure 5, is positioned at the particular latitude angle for the area where it is located for maximizing the reception of rays from the sun. In the particular embodiment illustrated, it is held in the position shown by a steel structure 110 that is bolted together and secured to the outer shell 70.

If it is desired to use a metallic phase change medium in the emitter so as to create temperatures above approximately 1,000°F., then instead of providing a vacuum between the emitter shell 84 and the intermediate shell 74, glass beads or aluminum foil flakes are positioned between the two shells to produce a temperature gradient drop to prevent

.damage to the reflective surfaces provided on the inner wall of the intermediate shell 74 and the outer wall of the emitter 84.

In operation, rays from the sun are directed in a concentrated form by any suitable means through the window 80 so that they strike on the collector 82. As the collector 82 absorbs the thermal energy, it causes the metallic phase change medium to go from a solid state to a liquid state. Since the carbon black collector 82 floats on the metallic phase change medium 86, it continues to cover the entire upper surface of the metallic phase change medium 86 as the phase change medium expands and contracts.

After the phase change medium 86 has stored sufficient thermal energy, the emitter 84 begins to glow similar to a radiant heater. The amount of radiant energy removed from the emitter 84 is controlled by manipulating the doors 88a and 88b. When the doors are open, radiant energy , 15 passes through the openings provided therein, heating the fluid or water flowing through the radiant exchanger 89. This causes the pressurized water to be heated. As previously mentioned, the heated water then is passed through a valve 100 and flashes to steam in the pipe 102 for subsequent use as a source of energy.

While a preferred embodiment of the invention has been described using specific terms, such description is for illustrative purposes only, and it is to be understood that changes and variations may be made without departing from the spirit or scope of the following claims.

Page 16scan →

What is claimed is

1. An apparatus for collecting, intensi-_ fying or sustaining and storing solar energy comprising:

a hollow spherical vessel having an interior wall;

a window provided in said wall of said vessel for allowing concentrated rays from the sun to enter into the interior of said vessel;

; a solar collector carried adjacent the center of said spherical vessel spaced from the interlor walls of said spherical vessel, said solar collector including:

(i) a container,

(ii) a substantially black heat absorbing surface carried by said container for being contacted by said rays passing through said window,

(iii) heat absorbing means carried in said container for absorbing and _ storing thermal energy from said heat absorbing surface and for heating said container causing radiant energy to be emitted from said container, and

(iv) said heat absorbing means being metal that goes from a solid state to a liquid state upon absorbing thermal energy from said substantially black heat absorbing surface;

a polished reflective surface carried on an interior wall of said spherical vessel for reflecting radiant energy back to said container intensifying the temperature of said heat absorbing means.

Bureag

Ompi

Page 17scan →

2. The apparatus as set forth in claim 1 further comprising: .

said container is a spherical member which is centrally carried within said hollow vessel. 3. The apparatus as set forth in claim 2 further comprising:

a conical-shaped member having a large diameter end and a small diameter end extending into said spherical member;

a bottom carried on said small diameter end of said conical-shaped member;

said large diameter end of said conicalshaped member facing said window so that said rays from the sun enter said concial-shaped member; and said substantially black heat absorbing surface being carried on interior walls of said conical-shaped member.

4, The apparatus as set forth in claim 1 further comprising:

said hollow vessel and said container being sealed; and a substantial vacuum provided in the space between said container and said interior wall of said hollow vessel.

5. An apparatus for collecting, intensifying and storing solar energy comprising:

a hollow spherical vessel having an interior wall;

a window provided in said wall of said vessel for allowing concentrated rays from the sun to enter into the interior of said vessel;

a solar collector centrally carried in said spherical vessel, said solar collector having;

(1) a spherically shaped wall,

Page 18scan →

(ii) a substantially black collector surface for absorbing thermal energy from said concentrated rays, and

15 (iii) a heat absorbing means carried in said container for absorbing and storing thermal energy from said collector surface, and for causing radiant energy to be emitted,

20 a polished reflective surface carried on an interior wall of said spherical vessel for reflecting said radiant energy emitted by said heat absorbing means back to said spherically-shaped wall of said solar collector.

6. The apparatus as set forth in claim 5 further comprising:

a conical-shaped member having a large diameter end and a small diameter end extending into

5 said solar collector through said spherically-shaped wall;

a bottom carried on said small diameter end of said conical-shaped member;

Said large diameter end of said conical-

.10 shaped member facing said window so that said rays from said sun enter said conical-shaped member; and a substantially black heat absorbing

Surface being carried on an inner surface of said conical-shaped member.

7. The apparatus as set forth in claim 5 further comprising:

said spherical vessel and said spherically shaped wall of said collector being sealed;

. a substantial vacuum provided in the

Space between said solar collector and said interior wall of said spherical vessel.

Page 19scan →

8. The apparatus as set forth in claim 5 further comprising:

heat transfer means extending from outside of said spherically-shaped vessel through 5 said heat absorbing means for transferring thermal energy from said heat absorbing means externally of said spherically-shaped vessel.

9. A method of collecting, intensifying and storing solar energy comprising:

concentrating and directing rays from the sun through a window of a sealed spherical vessel; 5 absorbing thermal energy from said rays with a collector;

accumulating and storing said thermal energy absorbed by said collector with a heat absorbing member centrally located in said spherical vessel 0 causing said heat absorbing member to emit radiant energy and causing said heat absorbing member to change from a solid state to a liquid state as it absorbs thermal energy;

reflecting said radiant energy emitted 5 by said heat absorbing member with a reflective surface carried on an interior wall of said spherical vessel back to said heat absorbing member; and externally removing thermal energy from said heat absorbing member with a heat transfer means 0 from said spherical vessel providing a source of thermal power.

10. The apparatus as set forth in claim 5 further comprising:

said heat absorbing means being metal that goes from a solid state to a liquid state upon 5 absorbing thermal energy from said black surface; and said black collector being a black carbon material in a fluid state which floats on said heat absorbing means.

Page 20scan →

li. An apparatus for collecting, intensifying or sustaining, and storing solar energy comprising:

a hollow vessel having an interior wall; 5 a window provided in said wall of said vessel for allowing concentrated rays from the sun to enter into the interior of said vessel; a solar collector carried adjacent the center of said vessel spaced from the interior walls 10 of said vessel, said solar collector including; (i) a container, | (ii) a substantially black fluid heat absorbing surface positioned for _ being contacted by said rays 15 . passing through said window,

(iii) heat absorbing means carried in said container supporting said substantially black fluid heat absorbing surface for absorbing

20 and storing thermal energy from said heat absorbing surface and for heating said container causing radiant energy to be emitted from said container, and 25 (iv) said heat absorbing means being metal that goes from a solid state to a liquid state upon absorbing thermal energy from said substantially black heat absorbing surface, 30 and a polished reflective surface carried on an interior wall of said vessel for reflecting radiant energy back to said container intensifying the temperature of said heat absorbing means.

Page 21scan →

12. The apparatus as set forth in claim 11 further comprising:

a radiant exchanger spaced from said container,

5 - Means positioned between said radiant exchanger and said container for controlling the transfer of radiant energy from said container to said radiant exchanger.

13. The apparatus as set forth in claim 12 further comprising:

a housing wall being spaced from and enclosing said hollow vessel, and

5 thermal insulation carried between said housing wall and said vessel providing an insulating layer...

14. The apparatus as set forth in claim 13 further comprising:

said layer of thermal insulation being diatomaceous earth.

15. The apparatus as set forth in claim 12 further comprising:

said means for controlling the transfer of. radiant energy from said container to said radiant 5 exchanger including an adjustable door. 16. The apparatus as set forth in claim 15 further comprising:

said adjustable door including, (i) a plurality of hinged doors; and 5 (ii) means for selectively opening and closing said doors.

17. The apparatus as set forth in claim 16 further comprising:

means for moving said radiant exchanger closer to said container as said doors are opened.

Drawings

Figure 1 is a sectional view of a solar power source constructed in accordance with the présent invention.

Figure 2 is a sectional view of a modified form of the invention.

Figure 3 is a schematic illustration showing a solar cell constructed in accordance with the present invention being utilized for heating hot water and/or steam for residential or industrial use.

Figure 4 is a schematic illustration showing a solar cell constructed in accordance with the present invention being utilized in an industrial application such as a major power generation plant, and :

Figure 5 is a sectional view of a modified form of the invention.

Page 22drawing sheetscan →

Page 23drawing sheetscan →

Page 24drawing sheetscan →

Page 25scan →

International

Search report

International Application No

1. CLASSIFICATION OF SUBJECT MATTER (if several classification symbols apply, indicate all) §

According to Intgrnational Patent Classification (IPC) or to both National Classification and [PC ll. FIELDS SEARCHED

Minimum Documentation Searched +

Classifleation System Classification Symbols

Documentation Searched other than Minimum Documentation to the Extent that such Documents are Included in tha Fields Searched 5 ll, DOCUMENTS CONSIDERED TO BE RELEVANT 1+

Citation of Document, 16 with indication, where appropriate, of the relevant passages 17

| Relevant to Claim No. 18

Category *

Calner

Marcuse

Goddard et al

Goddard

Baulino

Sawata et al

Powell

Cooper

Barger

* Special categories of cited decumenta: 15 “A” document defining the general state of the art

“&” garllar document but published on or after the international filing date

“U" document cited for special raason other than those referred to in the other categories

“O" document referring to an oral disclosure, use, exhibition or other means

*P" document published prior to the International filing data but on or after the priority date claimed

“T™ later document published on or after the International fling date or priority date and not in conflict with the application, but cited to understand the principle or theory undertying

@ Invention

"X" dacument of particular relevance

Iv. certification

Date of the Actual Comoletion of the International Search ?

Date of Mailing of this International Search Report 3

International Searching Authority *

Form PCT/ISA/210 (second sheet) (October 1977)

Page 26scan →

International Application No.

Further information continued from the second sheet

Rush et al

Cunningham et al

' Rogers vi] OBSERVATIONS WHERE CERTAIN CLAIMS WERE FOUND UNSEARCHABLE 10

This international search report has nat been established In respect of certain claims undar Article 17(2) (a) for the following raasons: 17] Claim numbers ________., because they relate to subject matter !? not required to be searched. by this Authority, namely:

al] Claim numbers__.____. , because they relate to parts of the international application that do not comply with the prescribed requires ments to such an extent that no meaningful International search can be cartiad out 13, specifically:

vl] OBSERVATIONS WHERE UNITY OF INVENTION IS LACKING 1:

This International Searching Authority found muitiple inventions in this international application as follows:

47] As ail required additional search fees were timely paid by the applicant, this international search raport covers all searchable claims of the international application, ar] As only some of the required additional search fees were timely paid by the applicant, this international search report covars only those claims of the International application for which fees were paid, spacificaily claims: :

37] No required additional search fees were timely paid by the applicant. Consequently, this intarnationa! search raport is rasirictad to the Invention first mentioned In the claims; it is covered by claim numbers:

Remark on Protest

LI The additional search fees were accompanied by applicant's protest.

Cl No protest accompanied the payment of additional search fees.

Form PCT/ISA/210 (supplemental sheet (2)) (October 1977)