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Voltage Performs Work

Unlike voltage charges within an electrical circuit sets up an "electrical attraction force; whereas, like electrical charges within the same electrical circuit encourages an "repelling action".

In both cases, electrical charge deflection or movement is directly related to applied voltage.

These electrical "forces" are known as "voltage fields" and can exhibit either a positive or negative electrical charge.

Likewise, Ions or particles within the electrical circuit having unlike electrical charges are attracted to each other.

Ions or particle masses having the same or like electrical charges will move away from one another, as illustrated in Figure (1-6).

Furthermore, electrical charged ions or particles can move toward stationary voltage fields of opposite polarity, and, is given by Newton's second Law (Eq 12)

image-1703014342118.png

Where

The acceleration (A) of an particle mass (M) acted on by a Net Force (F).

Whereby

Net Force (F) is the "electrical attraction force" between opposite electrically charged entities, and, is given by Coulomb's Law
(Eq 13)

image-1703014358200.png
Whereas

Difference of potential between two charges is measured by the work necessary to bring the charges together, and, is given by
(Eq 14)

image-1703014374624.png

The potential at a point due to a charge (q) at a distance (R) in a medium whose dielectric constant is (e).